Renal

Question 1

What urine casts are seen in Prerenal conditions?

Answer 1

hyaline and finely granular casts

Question 2

What urine casts are seen in Acute Tubular Necrosis?

Answer 2

epithileal and course granular casts

Question 3

What urine cases are seen in Acute Interstitiial nephritis?

Answer 3

white cell casts

Question 4

What urine cases are seen in Acute Glomerulonephritis?

Answer 4

red cell casts

Question 5

When should dialysis be considered in acute renal failure?

Answer 5

K > 6.5, blood pH < 7.1, refractory hypovolemia w/ BUN > 80, Na < 120 or > 155, or overdose of dialyzable drug

Question 6

Which of the renal tubular acidosis have hyerkalemia and which have hypokalemia?

Answer 6

Hyperkalemia: RTA 4
Hypokalemia: RTA 1 and 2

Question 7

Where do loop diuretics act upon? What is the mechanism?

Answer 7

ascending limb of loop of henley

prevent sodium absorption by interfering with Na-K-Cl pump

Question 8

What is the mechanism of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 8

inhibit Na-Cl cotransporter

Question 9

What are examples of K sparing diuretics? Where do they act?

Answer 9

Amiloride, spironolacotone

cortical collecting tubules

Question 10

Where does mannitol exert its effect?

Answer 10

proximal tubule and loop of henley

Question 11

What medication treats neurogenic or atonic bladder?

Answer 11

Bethanechol