Respiratory Flashcards
What are eventual cardiac complications of COPD?
COPD leads to chronic hypoxia in the alveoli which leads to an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and subsequent pulmonary HTN. this can lead to right sided heart failure.
What test is used to diagnose COPD?
COPD is diagnosed by pulmonary function testing.
PFTs will demonstrate the pattern of obstructive airway disease
decreased FEV1
decreased FEV1:FVC
What is the FEV1 in COPD?
The FEV1 in COPD will be <80% of the predicted value
What is the FEV/FVC in COPD?
The FEV1:FVC in COPD is <0.7
What is the first line of symptom relief in a patient with COPD?
The first line of symptom relief in a patient with COPD is
Short Acting Bronchodilators (ipratropium, albuterol)
What is the initial maintenance therapy for COPD?
The initial maintenance therapy for COPD is
Long Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (tiotropium)
What medications are added in addition to LAMAs for maintenance therapy?
Long Acting Beta Agonists (formoterol, salmeterol) are added to the Long acting muscarinic antagonists for further maintenance of COPD.
What drugs are used to reduce readmissions in patients with COPD?
Inhaled Corticosteroids are used to reduce readmisisons in patients with COPD.
What medications are used in refractory COPD?
Oral Steroids are used in refractory disease.
They are often reserved for acute exacerbations of COPD and should be avoided in chronic management.
*In COPD, LABA are administered before ICS.
What i sthe escalation of therapy in COPD?
use the mnemonic COPDER
- Corticosteroids (inhaled or oral)
- Oxygen
- Prevention
- Dilators (LAMA, LABA, SABA)
- Experimental therapy
- Rehab
What would we expect to see on an ABG in a patient with COPD?
An ABG in a patient with COPD would show
hypoxic hypercapnic respiratory acidosis
Upper airway obstruction presents with _____ stridor?
Upper airway obstruction presents with INSPIRATORY stridor.
Lower airway obstruction typically presents with _______ stridor?
Lower airway obstruction typically presents with expiratory stridor.
Common examples of lower airway obstruction include broncholitis, asthma, pneumonia and foreign body obstructions.
Where is the chapman point for the sinuses?
The chapman point for the sinuses is located
between the clavicle and the first rib.
who gets a pneumococcal vaccine
everyone who smokes- no matter how old they are.
