Random Stuff Flashcards
What funduscopic examfindings are expected in a patient with diabetic retinopathy?
Neovascularization
What funduscopic findings would we expect in a patient with hypertensive retinopathy?
Arteriovenous nicking
What is the diagnostic level A1C level for
pre-diabetes?
diabetes?
Prediabetes= 6.3
Diabetes = 6.5%
What is the DEXA score for
Osteopenia?
Osteoperosis?
Osteopenia= -1 to -2.5
Osteoperosis < -2.5
What is the total daily calcium intake in a patient with Osteoperosis?
Vitamin D?
The total daily calcium intake in a patient with osteoperosis is 1200 mg. This can be accomplished through diet and supplementation.
Women should ingest a total of 800 units of Vitamin D per day
What population should not get ACE/ ARBs?
Elderly and African Americans should not be given ACE/ARB
What is the best intervention for smoking cessation?
Behavior modification (therapy) + pharmacologic support is the best treatment fore smoking cessation.
Pharmacologic therapy includes: buproprion, nicotine replacement, or varenicline….
but drugs are not enough by themselves
What is the first thing that you should order in a suspected alcoholic?
do a CAGE questionare if there are any suspicions of alcoholism.
Remember, when interviewing an alcoholic it is common for them to underplay and underestimate the amount of alcohol they use.
Signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse include: hepatomegaly, right upper quadrant tenderness, and external hemorrhoids.
What is diagnostic test for EBV?
EBV is commonly seen in adolescents and young adults.
Signs and symptoms include fever, fatigue, sore throat, erythema, and splenomegaly.
Diagnosis can be confirmed using a latex agglutination assay that detects heterophile antibodies.
Treatment for EBV is supportive
What is the different between a common migraine and a classic migraine
The classical presentation for a migraine headache is a throbbing, unilateral headache (usually) that lasts between 2 and 24 hours. They usually start around the frontotemporal or ocular areas and then become diffuse as time passes.
You might even see some somatic dysfunction- especially the temporal bone.
A classic migraine involves a sensory aura. A common migraine does not.
What medications can cause acute gout attacks?
Gout can be precipitated by
Loop diuretics (furosemide)
thiazide diuretics
cyclosporin
and anti- TB medications
What abx should be given for a human bite wound?
A human bite wound should first be treated with
Amoxacillin-Clavulanate
Make sure that you’re covering for Ekinella when a human bite is suspected
What is the most likely diagnosis in an adolescent athlete with knee pain and point tenderness at the tibial tuberosity?
Osgood-Schlatter disease (osteochondritis of the tibial tubercle).
It is associated with chronic over-use and stress on the knee and is tcharacteristically seen in young athletes.
The underlying etiology is inflammation of the patllar ligament where it attaches to the tibial tuberosity.
No imaging is required for diagnosis.
Reduce inflammation with NSAIDS and rest the knee joint
What is the most common cause of knee pain in the outpatient setting?
Hint: It is most often seen in women age 20-30s and is exacerbated by ascending/descending stairs, prolonged sititng, running, or squatting
The most common cause of knee pain seen in the outpatient setting is Patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Distinguish it from Osgood-Schlatter by the age of the patient presenting
A breast ductoscopy demonstrates ducts filled with secretions and fibrotic debris.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Duct Ectasia
Duct ectasia is a benign breast condition that is associated with increasing age. Patients also present with nipple inversion and a discharge that is creamy and white or maybe blood-tinged. The areola will be normal-apearing.
