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Medical Terminology > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Friction sounds

A

Sounds made by dry surfaces rubbing together

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2
Q

Hiccough

A

Involuntary contraction of the diaphragm followed by rapid closure of the glottis

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3
Q

Rales

A

Crackles or crepitation; bubbling, clicking or rattling noises

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4
Q

Rhonchi

A

Continuous rumbling sounds upon expiration

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5
Q

Stridor

A

Continuous high pitched sound upon inspiration

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6
Q

Wheezing

A

May be a high pitched and whistling (asthma) or wheezes lower in pitch (snoring or rumbling sound)

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7
Q

nose

A

nas/o rhin/o

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8
Q

septum

A

sept/o

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9
Q

sinus, cavity

A

sinus/o

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10
Q

adenoids

A

adenoid/o

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11
Q

tonsils

A

tonsill/o

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12
Q

pharynx (throat)

A

pharyng/o

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13
Q

epiglottis

A

epiglott/o

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14
Q

larynx (voice box)

A

laryng/o

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15
Q

trachea (windpipe)

A

trache/o

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16
Q

bronchus (plural, bronchi)

A

bronchi/o bronch/o

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17
Q

bronchiole

A

bronchiol/o

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18
Q

alveolus; air sac

A

alveol/o

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19
Q

pleura

A

pleur/o

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20
Q

air; lung

A

pneum/o pneumon/o

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21
Q

lung

A

pulmon/o

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22
Q

coal, coal dust

A

anthrac/o

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23
Q

incomplete; imperfect

A

atel/o

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24
Q

dust

A

coni/o

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25
Q

lobe

A

lob/o

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26
Q

straight

A

orth/o

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27
Q

oxygen

A

ox/i ox/o

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28
Q

chest

A

pector/o steth/o thorac/o

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29
Q

diaphragm; mind

A

phren/o

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30
Q

breathe

A

spir/o

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31
Q

carbon dioxide

A

-capnia

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32
Q

smell

A

-osmia

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33
Q

voice

A

-phonia

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34
Q

breathing

A

-pnea

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35
Q

spitting

A

-ptysis

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36
Q

chest

A

-thorax

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37
Q

acidosis

A

Excessive acidity of body fluids

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38
Q

anosmia

A

Absence of the sense of smell

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39
Q

apnea

A

Temporary loss of breathing

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40
Q

sleep apnea

A

Sleeping disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly for more than 10 seconds, causing measurable blood deoxygenation

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41
Q

asphyxia

A

Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen

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42
Q

atelectasis

A

Collapsed or airless state of the lung which may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of a lung

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43
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

Repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration; first deeply, then shallow, then not at all

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44
Q

coryza

A

Acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose; also called head cold or upper respiratory infection (URI)

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45
Q

crackle

A

Abnormal respiratory sound heard on ausculation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture filled aveoli; also called rale

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46
Q

croup

A

Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and sometimes lungs

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47
Q

deviated nasal septum

A

Displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes nosebleed

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48
Q

epiglottitis

A

Severe, life threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years

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49
Q

epistaxis

A

Nasal hemorrhage; also called nose bleed

50
Q

finger clubbing

A

Enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes commonly associated with pulmonary disease

51
Q

hypoxemia

A

Oxygen deficiency in arterial blood; ususally a sign of respiratory impairment

52
Q

hypoxia

A

Oxygen deficiency in body tissues; usually a sign of respiratory impairment

53
Q

pertussis

A

Acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a whoop sound; whooping cough

54
Q

pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis

55
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

Disease caused by dust particles, including coal dust, stone dust, iron dust, and asbestos

56
Q

coal dust

A

anthracosis

57
Q

stone dust

A

chalicosis

58
Q

iron dust

A

siderosis

59
Q

asbestos particles

A

asbestosis

60
Q

pulmonary edema

A

Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure

61
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter

62
Q

rhonchus

A

Abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation of an obstructed airway

63
Q

stridor

A

High pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway

64
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months; crib death

65
Q

wheeze

A

Whistling or sighing sound heard on ausculation that results from narrowing of the lume of the respiratory passageway

66
Q

coal dust

A

anthracosis

67
Q

stone dust

A

chalicosis

68
Q

iron dust

A

siderosis

69
Q

asbestos particles

A

asbestosis

70
Q

pulmonary edema

A

Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure

71
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter

72
Q

rhonchus

A

Abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation of an obstructed airway

73
Q

stridor

A

High pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway

74
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months; crib death

75
Q

wheeze

A

Whistling or sighing sound heard on ausculation that results from narrowing of the lume of the respiratory passageway

76
Q

aerosol therapy

A

Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways

77
Q

antral lavage

A

Washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mycopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed medical management

78
Q

oximetry

A

Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saurated with oxygen

79
Q

polysomnography

A

test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recordings of brain waves, etc.

80
Q

postural drainage

A

Method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs

81
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

Variety of tests used to evaluate respiratory function, the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane

82
Q

spirometry

A

PFT that measures the breathing capacity of the lungs, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air

83
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway

84
Q

pleurectomy

A

Excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal pleura

85
Q

pneumectomy

A

Excision of a lung or a portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer

86
Q

septoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures

87
Q

thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity

88
Q

tracheostomy

A

Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted

89
Q

Mantoux test

A

Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen

90
Q

bronchoscopy

A

Visual exam of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor

91
Q

laryngoscopy

A

Visual exam of the larynx to detect tumor, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities

92
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

Visual exam of the mediastinal structures, including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes

93
Q

arterial blood gas (ABG)

A

Test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood

94
Q

sputum culture

A

Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias

95
Q

sweat test

A

Measurement of the amount of salt in sweat

96
Q

throat cultures

A

Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci

97
Q

computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)

A

Minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries

98
Q

ventilation perfusion (V-Q) scan

A

Nuclear test scan that evaluates both airflow and blood flow in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs

99
Q

aerosol therapy

A

Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways

100
Q

antral lavage

A

Washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mycopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed medical management

101
Q

oximetry

A

Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saurated with oxygen

102
Q

polysomnography

A

test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recordings of brain waves, etc.

103
Q

postural drainage

A

Method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs

104
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

Variety of tests used to evaluate respiratory function, the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane

105
Q

spirometry

A

PFT that measures the breathing capacity of the lungs, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air

106
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway

107
Q

pleurectomy

A

Excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal pleura

108
Q

pneumectomy

A

Excision of a lung or a portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer

109
Q

septoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures

110
Q

thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity

111
Q

tracheostomy

A

Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted

112
Q

Mantoux test

A

Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen

113
Q

bronchoscopy

A

Visual exam of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor

114
Q

laryngoscopy

A

Visual exam of the larynx to detect tumor, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities

115
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

Visual exam of the mediastinal structures, including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes

116
Q

arterial blood gas (ABG)

A

Test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood

117
Q

sputum culture

A

Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias

118
Q

sweat test

A

Measurement of the amount of salt in sweat

119
Q

throat cultures

A

Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci

120
Q

computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)

A

Minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries

121
Q

ventilation perfusion (V-Q) scan

A

Nuclear test scan that evaluates both airflow and blood flow in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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