Respiratory Flashcards
Friction sounds
Sounds made by dry surfaces rubbing together
Hiccough
Involuntary contraction of the diaphragm followed by rapid closure of the glottis
Rales
Crackles or crepitation; bubbling, clicking or rattling noises
Rhonchi
Continuous rumbling sounds upon expiration
Stridor
Continuous high pitched sound upon inspiration
Wheezing
May be a high pitched and whistling (asthma) or wheezes lower in pitch (snoring or rumbling sound)
nose
nas/o rhin/o
septum
sept/o
sinus, cavity
sinus/o
adenoids
adenoid/o
tonsils
tonsill/o
pharynx (throat)
pharyng/o
epiglottis
epiglott/o
larynx (voice box)
laryng/o
trachea (windpipe)
trache/o
bronchus (plural, bronchi)
bronchi/o bronch/o
bronchiole
bronchiol/o
alveolus; air sac
alveol/o
pleura
pleur/o
air; lung
pneum/o pneumon/o
lung
pulmon/o
coal, coal dust
anthrac/o
incomplete; imperfect
atel/o
dust
coni/o
lobe
lob/o
straight
orth/o
oxygen
ox/i ox/o
chest
pector/o steth/o thorac/o
diaphragm; mind
phren/o
breathe
spir/o
carbon dioxide
-capnia
smell
-osmia
voice
-phonia
breathing
-pnea
spitting
-ptysis
chest
-thorax
acidosis
Excessive acidity of body fluids
anosmia
Absence of the sense of smell
apnea
Temporary loss of breathing
sleep apnea
Sleeping disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly for more than 10 seconds, causing measurable blood deoxygenation
asphyxia
Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen
atelectasis
Collapsed or airless state of the lung which may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of a lung
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration; first deeply, then shallow, then not at all
coryza
Acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose; also called head cold or upper respiratory infection (URI)
crackle
Abnormal respiratory sound heard on ausculation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture filled aveoli; also called rale
croup
Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and sometimes lungs
deviated nasal septum
Displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes nosebleed
epiglottitis
Severe, life threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years
epistaxis
Nasal hemorrhage; also called nose bleed
finger clubbing
Enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes commonly associated with pulmonary disease
hypoxemia
Oxygen deficiency in arterial blood; ususally a sign of respiratory impairment
hypoxia
Oxygen deficiency in body tissues; usually a sign of respiratory impairment
pertussis
Acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a whoop sound; whooping cough
pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis
pneumoconiosis
Disease caused by dust particles, including coal dust, stone dust, iron dust, and asbestos
coal dust
anthracosis
stone dust
chalicosis
iron dust
siderosis
asbestos particles
asbestosis
pulmonary edema
Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure
pulmonary embolism
Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter
rhonchus
Abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation of an obstructed airway
stridor
High pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months; crib death
wheeze
Whistling or sighing sound heard on ausculation that results from narrowing of the lume of the respiratory passageway
coal dust
anthracosis
stone dust
chalicosis
iron dust
siderosis
asbestos particles
asbestosis
pulmonary edema
Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure
pulmonary embolism
Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter
rhonchus
Abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation of an obstructed airway
stridor
High pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months; crib death
wheeze
Whistling or sighing sound heard on ausculation that results from narrowing of the lume of the respiratory passageway
aerosol therapy
Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways
antral lavage
Washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mycopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed medical management
oximetry
Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saurated with oxygen
polysomnography
test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recordings of brain waves, etc.
postural drainage
Method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
Variety of tests used to evaluate respiratory function, the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane
spirometry
PFT that measures the breathing capacity of the lungs, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air
endotracheal intubation
Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway
pleurectomy
Excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal pleura
pneumectomy
Excision of a lung or a portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer
septoplasty
Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures
thoracentesis
Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity
tracheostomy
Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted
Mantoux test
Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen
bronchoscopy
Visual exam of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor
laryngoscopy
Visual exam of the larynx to detect tumor, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities
mediastinoscopy
Visual exam of the mediastinal structures, including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes
arterial blood gas (ABG)
Test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood
sputum culture
Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias
sweat test
Measurement of the amount of salt in sweat
throat cultures
Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci
computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)
Minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries
ventilation perfusion (V-Q) scan
Nuclear test scan that evaluates both airflow and blood flow in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs
aerosol therapy
Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways
antral lavage
Washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mycopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed medical management
oximetry
Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saurated with oxygen
polysomnography
test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recordings of brain waves, etc.
postural drainage
Method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
Variety of tests used to evaluate respiratory function, the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane
spirometry
PFT that measures the breathing capacity of the lungs, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air
endotracheal intubation
Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway
pleurectomy
Excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal pleura
pneumectomy
Excision of a lung or a portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer
septoplasty
Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures
thoracentesis
Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity
tracheostomy
Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted
Mantoux test
Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen
bronchoscopy
Visual exam of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor
laryngoscopy
Visual exam of the larynx to detect tumor, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities
mediastinoscopy
Visual exam of the mediastinal structures, including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes
arterial blood gas (ABG)
Test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood
sputum culture
Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias
sweat test
Measurement of the amount of salt in sweat
throat cultures
Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci
computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)
Minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries
ventilation perfusion (V-Q) scan
Nuclear test scan that evaluates both airflow and blood flow in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs
