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Medical Terminology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by liver cells to form bilirubin and eventually excreted in the feces

A

bilirubin

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2
Q

Mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed

A

bolus

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3
Q

Gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel

A

exocrine

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4
Q

Circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body

A

sphincter

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5
Q

Organic compound, a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids

A

triglycerides

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6
Q

Mouth

A

or/ or stomat/o

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7
Q

Tongue

A

gloss/o or lingu/o

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8
Q

Cheek

A

bucc/o

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9
Q

Lip

A

cheil/o or labi/o

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10
Q

Teeth

A

dent/o or odont/o

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11
Q

Gum

A

gingiv/o

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12
Q

Saliva, salivary gland

A

sial/o

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13
Q

Esophagus

A

esophag/o

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14
Q

Pharynx

A

pharyng/o

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15
Q

pylor/o

A

Pylorus

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16
Q

duoden/o

A

Duodenum

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17
Q

Intestine (usually small intestine)

A

enter/o

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18
Q

Jejunum (second part of small intestine)

A

jejun/o

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19
Q

ileum

A

ile/o

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20
Q

Appendix

A

append/o or appendic/o

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21
Q

Colon

A

col/o or colon/o

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22
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

sigmoid/o

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23
Q

Rectum

A

rect/o

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24
Q

Anus, rectum

A

proct/o

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25
Q

Anus

A

an/o

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26
Q

Pancreas

A

pancreat/o

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27
Q

Bile vessel

A

cholangi/o

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28
Q

Bile, gall

A

chol/e

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29
Q

Gallbladder

A

cholecyst/o

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30
Q

choledoch/o

A

Bile duct

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31
Q

-orexia

A

Appetite

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32
Q

-pepsia

A

Digestion

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33
Q

-prandial

A

Meal

34
Q

Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in inability to eat

A

Anorexia

35
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

A

ascites

36
Q

Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

A

borborygmus

37
Q

Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated with acquired AIDS and cancer

A

cachexia

38
Q

Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

A

cholelithiasis

39
Q

Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease

A

cirrhosis

40
Q

Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ, especially in the colon, accompanied by pai

A

colic

41
Q

Form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis

A

Crohn disease

42
Q

Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea

A

dysentery

43
Q

Inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia

A

dysphagia

44
Q

Producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called belching

A

eructation

45
Q

Fecal conctretion

A

fecalith

46
Q

Gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus

A

flatus

47
Q

Foul-smelling breath

A

halitosis

48
Q

Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

49
Q

Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

A

hematemesis

50
Q

Symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no organic cause can be determined ; also called spastic colon

A

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

51
Q

Symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph

A

malabsorption syndrome

52
Q

Passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices

A

melena

53
Q

Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight

A

obesity

54
Q

BMI of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 pounds or more over ideal body weight

A

morbid obesity

55
Q

Severe constipation which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

A

obstipation

56
Q

Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips or cheek caused primarily by irritation

A

oral leukoplakia

57
Q

Progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body; especially the GI tract

A

peristalsis

58
Q

Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (circular muscle of the pylorus) at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine

A

pyloric stenosis

59
Q

Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach

A

regurgitation

60
Q

Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it

A

steatorrhea

61
Q

Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

A

cholelithiasis

62
Q

Scarring and dysfunction of the liver cause by chronic liver disease

A

cirrhosis

63
Q

Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ, especially in the colon, accompanied by pain

A

Colic

64
Q

Form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract, also regional enteritis

A

Crohn Disease

65
Q

Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea

A

dysentery

66
Q

Inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia

A

dysphagia

67
Q

Producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called belching

A

eructation

68
Q

Fecal concretion

A

fecalith

69
Q

Gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus

*may require hand sanitizer

A

flatus

70
Q

Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD)

Erma Gerd!

71
Q

Foul smelling breath

A

halitosis

72
Q

Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

A

hematemesis

73
Q

Symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no organic cause can be dtermined; also called spastic colon

A

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

74
Q

Symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph

A

malabsorption syndrome

75
Q

Passage of dark colored tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices

A

melena

76
Q

Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the bodys skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight

A

obesity

Morbid obesity- BMI of 40% or greater

77
Q

Severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

A

obstipation

78
Q

Formation of white spots pr patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation

A

oral leukoplakia

79
Q

Progressive wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body

A

peristalsis

80
Q

Stricture or narrowing of pyloric sphincter

A

pyloric stenosis

81
Q

Backword flowing

A

regurgitation

82
Q

Passage of fat in large amounts in feces due to failure to digest and absorb

A

steatorrhea

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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