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Medical Terminology > Cardiovascular System 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

Portion of the nervous system that regulates involuntary actions such as heart reate, digestion, and peristalsis

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2
Q

leaflet

A

Flat, leaf-shaped structure that comprises the valves of the heart and prevents back flow of blood

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3
Q

lumen

A

Tubular space or channel within an organ or structure of the body; space within an artery, vein, intestine or tube

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4
Q

regurgitation

A

Backflow or ejecting of contents through an opening

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5
Q

sphincter

A

Circular muscle found in tubular structure of hollow organ that constricts or dilates to regulate passage of substances through its opening

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6
Q

vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel that limits blood flow, usually as a result of diseases, medications, or physiological processes

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7
Q

vasodilation

A

Widening of the lumen of a blood vessel caused by the relaxing of the muscles of the vascular walls

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8
Q

viscosity

A

State of being sticky or gummy

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9
Q

widened blood vessel

A

aneurysm/o

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10
Q

vessel

A

angi/o vascul/o

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11
Q

aorta

A

aort/o

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12
Q

artery

A

arteri/o

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13
Q

arteriole

A

arteriol/o

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14
Q

atrium

A

atri/o

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15
Q

fatty plaque

A

arther/o

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16
Q

heart

A

cardi/o coron/o

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17
Q

electricity

A

electr/o

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18
Q

embolus

A

embol/o

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19
Q

blood vessel

A

hemangi/o

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20
Q

muscle

A

my/o

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21
Q

vein

A

phleb/o ven/o

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22
Q

hardening; sclera

A

scler/o

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23
Q

septum

A

sept/o

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24
Q

pulse

A

sphygm/o

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25
Q

narrowing, stricture

A

sten/o

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26
Q

pulse

A

sphygm/o

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27
Q

blood clot

A

thromb/o

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28
Q

valve

A

valv/o valvul/o

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29
Q

vessel; vas deferens; duct

A

vas/o

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30
Q

ventricle

A

ventricul/o

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31
Q

heart condition

A

-cardia

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32
Q

outside

A

extra-

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33
Q

angina

A

Mild to severe suffocating pain that typically occurs int he chest and is caused by an inadequate

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34
Q

arrhythmia

A

Irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart; dysrhythmia

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35
Q

bradycardia

A

Arrhythmia in which the heart beats abnormally slowly, usually fewer than beats per minutes in resting an adult

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36
Q

fibrillation

A

Arrhythmia in which there is an abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles

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37
Q

heart block

A

Arrhythmia in which there is interference with the normal transmission of electric impulses from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers

38
Q

tachycardia

A

Arrhythmia in which there is a fast but regular rhythm, with the heart possibly beating up to 200 bpm

39
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening and narrowing of an artery along with the loss of its elasticity

40
Q

carotid artery disease

A

Narrowing of the carotid arteries

41
Q

bruit

A

Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, associated valvular action or with the movement of blod as it passes an obstruction or both; murmur

42
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

Disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

43
Q

coarctation

A

Narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

44
Q

embolism

A

Condition in which a mass become lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing blood flow

45
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

Excessive amounts of lipids in the blood

46
Q

hypertension (HTN)

A

Elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg

47
Q

hypotension

A

Low blood pressure persistently lower that 90/60 mm Hg

48
Q

infarction

A

Localized tissue necrosis due to the cessation of blood supply

49
Q

ischemia

A

Local, temporary deficiency of blood supply to an organ or tissue due to circulatory obstruction

50
Q

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

Structural defect in which the mitral valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

51
Q

palpitation

A

Sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a beat or flutter

52
Q

phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of the arms or legs

53
Q

syncope

A

Partial or complete loss of consciousness that is usually caused by a decreased supply of blood to the brain; fainting

54
Q

thrombosis

A

Abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation

55
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

Blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially thos in the legs or thighs

56
Q

defibrillation

A

Electrical shock delivered randomly during the cariac cycle to treat emergency life threatening arrhythmias

57
Q

cardioversion

A

defib using low energy techniques

58
Q

sclerotherapy

A

Injection of a chemical irritant into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein

59
Q

thrombolysis

A

Destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot-busters such as tissue plasminogen activator

60
Q

angioplasty

A

Any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores foward blood flow

61
Q

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

A

Angioplasty of the coronary arteries in which a balloon catheter is inserted through the skin into the right femoral artery and threaded to the site of the stenosis to enlarge the lumen of the artery and restore forward blood flow

62
Q

biopsy

A

Removal of a small piece of tissue of diagnostic purposes

63
Q

arterial

A

Remove of a segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammtion of the wall or arteritis

64
Q

catheter ablation

A

Treatment for cardiac arrhythmias

65
Q

commissurotomy

A

Surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve

66
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

Placement of a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle

67
Q

embolectomy

A

Removal of embolus

68
Q

endarterectomy

A

Removal of fatty plaque from the interior of an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device

69
Q

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) insertion

A

Implantation of a battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart in patients who are at risk of sudden cardiac death

70
Q

laser ablation

A

Procedure used to remove or treat varicose viens

71
Q

open heart surgery

A

Surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine

72
Q

stent placement

A

Placement of a mesh tube inserted into a natural passage or conduit in the body to prevent or counteract a disease induced localized flow constriction

73
Q

valvotomy

A

Incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening

74
Q

cardiac catheterizaiton (CC)

A

Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart

75
Q

electrophysiology study (EPS)

A

Procedure used to determine the cause of life-threatening cardiac arrhythias by mapping the heart’s conduction system in a patient with an arrhythmia

76
Q

electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)

A

Procedure that graphically records the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, legs

77
Q

Holter monitor test

A

ECG taken with a small, portable recording system capable of storing up to 48 hours of ECG tracings; event monitor test

78
Q

stress test

A

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions

79
Q

cardiac enzyme studies

A

Blood thest that measures the presence and amount of cardiac enzymes in blood, including troponin T, troponin I, creatine kinase

80
Q

angiography

A

Radiographic image of the inside of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium

81
Q

aortography

A

Angiography of the aorta and its branches after injection of a contrast medium

82
Q

coronary

A

Angiography that is used to determine the degree of stenosis or obstruction of the arterie that supply blood to the heart

83
Q

magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

A

Type of MRI scan that used a magnetic field and radio waves to provide detailed images of blood vessels

84
Q

multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) scan

A

Nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to detect how well the heart walls move as they contract and calculates the ejection fraction rate

85
Q

single-photon emmison computed tomography (SPECT)

A

MUGA scan of the heart in which the gamma camera move in a circle around the patient to create individual images as “slices” of the heart

86
Q

nuclear perfusion study

A

Test used in conjunction with a stress test to detect the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) that is causing partial obstruction of the coronary arteries

87
Q

ultrasonography (US)

A

High frequency sound waves are directed at soft tissue and relected as “echoes” to produce an image on a monitor of internal body structure

88
Q

Doppler

A

Ultrasound used to assess blood flow through blood vessels and the heart

89
Q

echocardiography

A

Ultrasound that is used to visualize internal cardiac structures, produced images of the heart, and assess cardiac output

90
Q

venography

A

Radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect imcomplete filling of a vein, indicating an obstruction

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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