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Medical Terminology > Endocrine System 2 > Flashcards

Endocrine System 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

antagonistic

A

acting in opposition; mutually opposing

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2
Q

electrolyte

A

mineral salt that carries an electrical charge in solution

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3
Q

glucagon

A

hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose

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4
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion

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5
Q

insulin

A

hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that allows body cells to use glucose for energy or store it in the liver as glycogen

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6
Q

sympathomimetic

A

agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

adren/o adrenal/o

A

adrenal glands

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8
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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9
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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10
Q

gluc/o glyc/o glycos/o

A

sugar, sweetness

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11
Q

home/o

A

same, alike

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12
Q

kal/i

A

potassium (an electrolyte)

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13
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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14
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands

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15
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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16
Q

thyr/o thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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17
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

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18
Q

-crine

A

secrete

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19
Q

-dipsia

A

thrist

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20
Q

acromegaly

A

rare hormonal disorder in adulthood, usually cause by a GH-secreting pituitary tumor that promotes the soft tissue and bones of the face, hands, and feet to grow larger than normal

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21
Q

diuresis

A

increased formation and secretion of urine

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22
Q

glycosuria

A

abnormal amount of glucose in the urine

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23
Q

Graves disease

A

multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos

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24
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women

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25
Q

hypercalcemia

A

condition in which the calcium level in the blood is higher than normal

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26
Q

hyperkalemia

A

condition in which the potassium level in the blood is higher than normal

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27
Q

hypervolemia

A

abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma in the body

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28
Q

hyponatremia

A

lower than normal level of sodium in the blood

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29
Q

insulinoma

A

tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

30
Q

obesity

A

excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight

31
Q

morbid obesity

A

BMI 40 or greater

32
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity

33
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla, causing elevated heart rate and blood

34
Q

thyroid storm

A

crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the blood stream of an increased amount of thyroid hormone

35
Q

virilism

A

masculinization or development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman

36
Q

exophthalmometry

A

measures the degree of foward displacedment of the eyeball as seen in Graves disease

37
Q

parathyroidectomy

A

excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism

38
Q

transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

A

endoscopic procedure to sugically remove a pituitary tumor through an incision in the sphenoid sinus without disturbing brain tissue

39
Q

thymectomy

A

excision of the thymus gland

40
Q

thyroidectomy

A

excision of the entire thyroid gland, a part of it, or a single lobe

41
Q

fasting blood sugar

A

test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of a least 8 hrs

42
Q

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

A

screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are take afterward at regular intervals to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood

43
Q

insulin tolerance test (ITT)

A

diagnostic test in which insulin is injected into the vein to assess pituitary function, adrenal function, and to dtermine insulin sensitivity

44
Q

thyroid function test (TFT)

A

test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function

45
Q

total calcium test

A

test that measures calcium to detect bone and parathyroid disorders

46
Q

radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)

A

administration of a radioactive iodine (RAI) in pill or liquid form is used as a tracer to test how quickly the thyroid gland takes up iodine from the blood

47
Q

thyroid scan

A

images of the thyroid gland are obtained after oral or intravenous administration of a small dose of radioactive iodine

48
Q

antidiuretics

A

vasopressin (Pitessin, Pressyn) - reduce or control excretion of urine

49
Q

antithyroids

A

methimazole (Tapazole) or strong iodine solution - treat hyperthyroidism

50
Q

corticosteroids

A

cortisone or hydrocortisone - replace hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency

51
Q

growth hormone replacements

A

somatropin

52
Q

insulins

A

regular insulin, NPH insulin, insulin aspart

53
Q

oral antidiabetics

A

glipizide or metformin - treat type 2 diabetes

54
Q

thyroid supplements

A

levothyroxine or liothyronine - replace or supplement thyroid hormones

55
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic stimulating hormone

56
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

57
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

58
Q

DKA

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

59
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

60
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

61
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

62
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

63
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

64
Q

K

A

potassium

65
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

66
Q

NPH

A

neutral protamine Hagedorn (insulin)

67
Q

PRL

A

prolactin

68
Q

PGH

A

pituitary growth hormone

69
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone

70
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

71
Q

T4

A

thyroxine

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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