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Endocrine System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

antagonistic

A

acting in opposition; mutually opposing

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2
Q

electrolyte

A

mineral salt that carries an electrical charge in solution

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3
Q

glucagon

A

hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose

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4
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion

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5
Q

insulin

A

hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that allows body cells to use glucose for energy or store it in the liver as glycogen

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6
Q

sympathomimetic

A

agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

adren/o adrenal/o

A

adrenal glands

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8
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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9
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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10
Q

gluc/o glyc/o glycos/o

A

sugar, sweetness

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11
Q

home/o

A

same, alike

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12
Q

kal/i

A

potassium (an electrolyte)

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13
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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14
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands

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15
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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16
Q

thyr/o thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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17
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

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18
Q

-crine

A

secrete

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19
Q

-dipsia

A

thrist

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20
Q

acromegaly

A

rare hormonal disorder in adulthood, usually cause by a GH-secreting pituitary tumor that promotes the soft tissue and bones of the face, hands, and feet to grow larger than normal

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21
Q

diuresis

A

increased formation and secretion of urine

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22
Q

glycosuria

A

abnormal amount of glucose in the urine

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23
Q

Graves disease

A

multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos

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24
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women

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25
hypercalcemia
condition in which the calcium level in the blood is higher than normal
26
hyperkalemia
condition in which the potassium level in the blood is higher than normal
27
hypervolemia
abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma in the body
28
hyponatremia
lower than normal level of sodium in the blood
29
insulinoma
tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas
30
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight
31
morbid obesity
BMI 40 or greater
32
panhypopituitarism
total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity
33
pheochromocytoma
small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla, causing elevated heart rate and blood
34
thyroid storm
crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the blood stream of an increased amount of thyroid hormone
35
virilism
masculinization or development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman
36
exophthalmometry
measures the degree of foward displacedment of the eyeball as seen in Graves disease
37
parathyroidectomy
excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism
38
transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
endoscopic procedure to sugically remove a pituitary tumor through an incision in the sphenoid sinus without disturbing brain tissue
39
thymectomy
excision of the thymus gland
40
thyroidectomy
excision of the entire thyroid gland, a part of it, or a single lobe
41
fasting blood sugar
test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of a least 8 hrs
42
glucose tolerance test (GTT)
screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are take afterward at regular intervals to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood
43
insulin tolerance test (ITT)
diagnostic test in which insulin is injected into the vein to assess pituitary function, adrenal function, and to dtermine insulin sensitivity
44
thyroid function test (TFT)
test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function
45
total calcium test
test that measures calcium to detect bone and parathyroid disorders
46
radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)
administration of a radioactive iodine (RAI) in pill or liquid form is used as a tracer to test how quickly the thyroid gland takes up iodine from the blood
47
thyroid scan
images of the thyroid gland are obtained after oral or intravenous administration of a small dose of radioactive iodine
48
antidiuretics
vasopressin (Pitessin, Pressyn) - reduce or control excretion of urine
49
antithyroids
methimazole (Tapazole) or strong iodine solution - treat hyperthyroidism
50
corticosteroids
cortisone or hydrocortisone - replace hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency
51
growth hormone replacements
somatropin
52
insulins
regular insulin, NPH insulin, insulin aspart
53
oral antidiabetics
glipizide or metformin - treat type 2 diabetes
54
thyroid supplements
levothyroxine or liothyronine - replace or supplement thyroid hormones
55
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic stimulating hormone
56
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
57
DI
diabetes insipidus
58
DKA
diabetic ketoacidosis
59
DM
diabetes mellitus
60
FBS
fasting blood sugar
61
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone
62
GH
growth hormone
63
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
64
K
potassium
65
LH
luteinizing hormone
66
NPH
neutral protamine Hagedorn (insulin)
67
PRL
prolactin
68
PGH
pituitary growth hormone
69
PTH
parathyroid hormone
70
T3
triiodothyronine
71
T4
thyroxine

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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