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Medical Terminology > Nervous System 2 > Flashcards

Nervous System 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

afferent

A

carry or move inward or toward a central structure

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2
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

protective mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering delicate brain tissue.

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3
Q

efferent

A

carry or move away from a central structure

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4
Q

limbic system

A

complex neural system located beneath the cerebrum that controls basic emotions and drives and play an important role in memory

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5
Q

neurilemma

A

additonal external myelin sheath that is formed by Schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

ventricle

A

organ chamber or cavity tht receives or holds fluid

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7
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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8
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

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9
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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10
Q

gangli/o

A

ganglion (knot or knotlike mass)

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11
Q

gli/o

A

glue; neuroglial tissue

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12
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

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13
Q

lept/o

A

thin, slender

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14
Q

lex/o

A

word, phrase

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15
Q

mening/o

meningi/o

A

meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)

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16
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

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17
Q

narc/o

A

stupor; numbess, sleep

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18
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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19
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root

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20
Q

sthen/o

A

strength

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21
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus

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22
Q

thec/o

A

sheath (usually refers to meninges)

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23
Q

ton/o

A

tension

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24
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle (of the heart or brain)

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25
Q

-algesia

A

pain

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26
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness, debility

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27
Q

-esthesia

A

feeling

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28
Q

-kinesia

A

movement

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29
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

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30
Q

-paresis

A

partial paralysis

31
Q

-taxia

A

order, coordination

32
Q

pachy-

A

thick

33
Q
A
34
Q

agnosia

A

inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, olifactory, or other sensations, even though the sensory sphere is intact

35
Q

asthenia

A

weakness, deblitiy, or loss of strength

36
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination in the exacution of voluntary movement

37
Q

closed head trauma

A

injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed

38
Q

concussion

A

injury to the brain, occasionally with transient loss of consciousness, as a result of trauma to the head

39
Q

convulsion

A

any sudden and violent contraction of one or more voluntary muscles.

40
Q

dementia

A

broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memeory impairment

41
Q

dyslexia

A

inability to learn and process written language, despite adequate intelligence, sensory ability, and exposure

42
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

A

autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of the peripheral nerves in which myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, and sudden muscle weakness.

43
Q

Huntington chorea

A

inherited disease of the CNS characterized by quick, involuntary movements, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration

44
Q

hydrocephalus

A

accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing increased intracranial pressure (ICP), thinning of brain tissue, seperation of cranial bones.

Acquried-hyrdocephalus that develops at birth or any time afterward as a result of injury or disease

Congenital-hyrdocephalus caused by factors that occur during fetal development or as a result of genetic abnormalities.

45
Q

lethargy

A

abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli

46
Q

anencephaly

A

congenital deformity in which some of all of fetal brain is missing

47
Q

spinal bifida

A

congenital deformity of the neural tube which fails to close during fetal development, AKA neural tube defect

48
Q

meningocele

A

form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops properly but the meninges protrude through the spine

49
Q

myelomeningocele

A

most severe form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine

50
Q

occulta

A

form of spina bifida in which one or more vertebrae are malformed and the spianl cord is covered with a layer of skin

51
Q

palsy

A

paralysis, usually partial, and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor

Bell-facial paralysis caused by a functional disorder of teh seventh cranial nerve

Cerebral-type of paralysis that affects movement and body position and, sometimes speech and learning ability

52
Q

paralysis

A

loss of voluntary motion in one or more muscle groups with or without loss of sensation

53
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body, typically as the result of a stroke, also called unilateral paralysis

54
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of both lower limbs, typically as a result of truama or disease of the lower spinal cord

55
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of both arms and legs, commonly resulting in bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction

56
Q

paresthesia

A

sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity

57
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

58
Q

Reye syndrome

A

acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltrtion of the brain, liver, and possibly the pancreas, heart, kidney, spleen, and lymph nodes

59
Q

syncope

A

brief loss of consciousnes and posture caused by a temporary decrease of blood flow to the brain, AKA fainting

60
Q

electroencephalography (EEG)

A

recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses

61
Q

electromyography (EMG)

A

recording of electrical signals (action potentials) that occur in a muscle when it is at rest and during contraction to assess muscular disease and nerve damage

62
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids

63
Q

nerve conduction velocity (NCV)

A

test that measures the speen at which impulses travel through a nerve

64
Q

cryosurgery

A

technique that exposes abnormal tissue to extreme cold to destroy it

65
Q

stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)

A

precisely focused radiation beams are used to tream tumors and other abnormal growths in the brain, spinal column, and other body sites

66
Q

thalamotomy

A

partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intracable pain; involuntary movemnts, including tremors in Parkinson disease, or emotional disturbances

67
Q

tractotomy

A

transection of a nerve tract in the brain stem or spinal cord

68
Q

trephination

A

technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure

69
Q

ventriculoperitoneal shunting

A

relieves intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus by divertig excess cerebrospinal sluid from the ventricles into the peritoneal or thoracic cavity

70
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

A

lab test to examine a sample of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord

71
Q

discograpy

A

CT scan of the lumbar region after njection of a contrast medium to detect problems with the spine and spinal nerve roots

72
Q

echoencephalography

A

US technique used to study intracranial structures of the brainand diagnose conditions that cause a shift in the midline structures of the brain

73
Q

myelography

A

radiographic examination to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, or tumors

74
Q
A

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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