Nervous System 2 Flashcards
1
Q
afferent
A
carry or move inward or toward a central structure
2
Q
blood-brain barrier
A
protective mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering delicate brain tissue.
3
Q
efferent
A
carry or move away from a central structure
4
Q
limbic system
A
complex neural system located beneath the cerebrum that controls basic emotions and drives and play an important role in memory
5
Q
neurilemma
A
additonal external myelin sheath that is formed by Schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system
6
Q
ventricle
A
organ chamber or cavity tht receives or holds fluid
7
Q
cerebr/o
A
cerebrum
8
Q
crani/o
A
cranium (skull)
9
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
10
Q
gangli/o
A
ganglion (knot or knotlike mass)
11
Q
gli/o
A
glue; neuroglial tissue
12
Q
kinesi/o
A
movement
13
Q
lept/o
A
thin, slender
14
Q
lex/o
A
word, phrase
15
Q
mening/o
meningi/o
A
meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)
16
Q
myel/o
A
bone marrow; spinal cord
17
Q
narc/o
A
stupor; numbess, sleep
18
Q
neur/o
A
nerve
19
Q
radicul/o
A
nerve root
20
Q
sthen/o
A
strength
21
Q
thalam/o
A
thalamus
22
Q
thec/o
A
sheath (usually refers to meninges)
23
Q
ton/o
A
tension
24
Q
ventricul/o
A
ventricle (of the heart or brain)
25
-algesia
pain
26
-asthenia
weakness, debility
27
-esthesia
feeling
28
-kinesia
movement
29
-lepsy
seizure
30
-paresis
partial paralysis
31
-taxia
order, coordination
32
pachy-
thick
33
34
agnosia
inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, olifactory, or other sensations, even though the sensory sphere is intact
35
asthenia
weakness, deblitiy, or loss of strength
36
ataxia
lack of muscle coordination in the exacution of voluntary movement
37
closed head trauma
injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed
38
concussion
injury to the brain, occasionally with transient loss of consciousness, as a result of trauma to the head
39
convulsion
any sudden and violent contraction of one or more voluntary muscles.
40
dementia
broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memeory impairment
41
dyslexia
inability to learn and process written language, despite adequate intelligence, sensory ability, and exposure
42
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of the peripheral nerves in which myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, and sudden muscle weakness.
43
Huntington chorea
inherited disease of the CNS characterized by quick, involuntary movements, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration
44
hydrocephalus
accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing increased intracranial pressure (ICP), thinning of brain tissue, seperation of cranial bones.
Acquried-hyrdocephalus that develops at birth or any time afterward as a result of injury or disease
Congenital-hyrdocephalus caused by factors that occur during fetal development or as a result of genetic abnormalities.
45
lethargy
abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli
46
anencephaly
congenital deformity in which some of all of fetal brain is missing
47
spinal bifida
congenital deformity of the neural tube which fails to close during fetal development, AKA neural tube defect
48
meningocele
form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops properly but the meninges protrude through the spine
49
myelomeningocele
most severe form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine
50
occulta
form of spina bifida in which one or more vertebrae are malformed and the spianl cord is covered with a layer of skin
51
palsy
paralysis, usually partial, and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor
Bell-facial paralysis caused by a functional disorder of teh seventh cranial nerve
Cerebral-type of paralysis that affects movement and body position and, sometimes speech and learning ability
52
paralysis
loss of voluntary motion in one or more muscle groups with or without loss of sensation
53
hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body, typically as the result of a stroke, also called *unilateral paralysis*
54
paraplegia
paralysis of both lower limbs, typically as a result of truama or disease of the lower spinal cord
55
quadriplegia
paralysis of both arms and legs, commonly resulting in bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction
56
paresthesia
sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity
57
poliomyelitis
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis
58
Reye syndrome
acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltrtion of the brain, liver, and possibly the pancreas, heart, kidney, spleen, and lymph nodes
59
syncope
brief loss of consciousnes and posture caused by a temporary decrease of blood flow to the brain, AKA fainting
60
electroencephalography (EEG)
recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses
61
electromyography (EMG)
recording of electrical signals (action potentials) that occur in a muscle when it is at rest and during contraction to assess muscular disease and nerve damage
62
lumbar puncture (LP)
needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids
63
nerve conduction velocity (NCV)
test that measures the speen at which impulses travel through a nerve
64
cryosurgery
technique that exposes abnormal tissue to extreme cold to destroy it
65
stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
precisely focused radiation beams are used to tream tumors and other abnormal growths in the brain, spinal column, and other body sites
66
thalamotomy
partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intracable pain; involuntary movemnts, including tremors in Parkinson disease, or emotional disturbances
67
tractotomy
transection of a nerve tract in the brain stem or spinal cord
68
trephination
technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure
69
ventriculoperitoneal shunting
relieves intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus by divertig excess cerebrospinal sluid from the ventricles into the peritoneal or thoracic cavity
70
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis
lab test to examine a sample of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord
71
discograpy
CT scan of the lumbar region after njection of a contrast medium to detect problems with the spine and spinal nerve roots
72
echoencephalography
US technique used to study intracranial structures of the brainand diagnose conditions that cause a shift in the midline structures of the brain
73
myelography
radiographic examination to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, or tumors
74
