RESPIRATORY: 611 Flashcards
What are the three types of pneumonia?
- Lobar
- Bronchopneumonia
- Interstitial (atypical)
What are the general symptoms of pneumonia?
- Fever
- Chills
- Cough with yellow green or rusty sputum
- Tachypnea with pleuritic chest pain
- Decreased breath sounds
- Dullness to percussion
What is pneumonia?
Infection of lung parenchyma
What are the most common causes of lobar pneumonia?
Most commonly - S. pneumoniae
Also Legionella, Klebsiella
What are the most common causes of bronchopneumonia?
S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae, Klebsiella
What can you look for in chest X ray in lobar pneumonia?
Consolidation of a lob from intra-alveolar exudate
What does bronchopneumonia look like on chest X ray?
Patchy distribution involving more than one lobe; acute inflammatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli
What are the most common causes of interstitial pneumonia?
Viruses (influenza, RSV, adeno), mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia
What does interstitial pneumonia look like on chest X ray?
Diffuse patchy inflammation localized to interstitial areas at alveolar walls; distribution involves more than 1 lobe
Which pneumonia generally has milder respiratory symptoms?
Interstitial (atypical) pneumonia
What is a lung abscess?
Localized collection of pus within the parenchyma
What causes lung abscesses?
- Bronchial obstruction (e.g. cancer)
- Aspiration of oropharyngeal contents (especially in patients predisposed to loss of consciousness like alcoholics or epileptics)
What microorganisms are often involved in the formation of lung abscesses?
S. aureus or anaerobes (Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus)
Which lobe does aspiration pneumonia (abscess) classically present in?
Right lower lobe
What do we look for on CXR for lung abscesses?
Air-fluid levels
