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First Aid 2014 > NEURO: 470-473 > Flashcards

NEURO: 470-473 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the nerve roots for all the reflexes?

A

S1, 2 - “buckle my shoe” (Achilles reflex)
L3, 4 - “kick the door” (patellar reflex)
C5, 6 - “pick up sticks” (biceps reflex)
C7, 8 - “lay them straight” (triceps reflex)

L1, 2 - “testicles move” (cremaster reflex)
S3, 4 - “winks galore” (anal wink reflex)

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2
Q

What are the nerve roots for the Achilles reflex?

A

S1, 2 - “buckle my shoe”

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3
Q

What are the nerve roots for the patellar reflex?

A

L3, 4 - “kick the door”

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4
Q

What are the nerve roots for the biceps reflex?

A

C5, 6 - “pick up sticks”

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5
Q

What are the nerve roots for the triceps reflex?

A

C7, 8 - “lay them straight”

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6
Q

What are the nerve roots for the cremaster reflex?

A

L1, 2 - “testicles move”

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7
Q

What are the nerve roots for the anal wink reflex?

A

S3, 4 - “winks galore”

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8
Q

What are primitive reflexes?

A

CNS reflexes that are present in a healthy infant, but that are absent in a neurologically intact adult

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9
Q

When do primitive reflexes normally disappear?

A

Within the first year of life

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10
Q

What causes the primitive reflexes to disappear?

A

Inhibition by a mature/developing frontal lobe

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11
Q

When do we see reemergence of primitive reflexes?

A

Frontal lobe lesions - loss of the normal inhibition

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12
Q

What are the 6 primitive reflexes?

A

2 involve the mouth:

  1. Rooting reflex
  2. Sucking reflex

2 involve fingers/toes

  1. Palmar reflex
  2. Plantar reflex

2 involve whole body:

  1. Moro reflex
  2. Galant reflex
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13
Q

What is the Moro reflex?

A

Abduct/extend limbs when startled, and then draw together

“Hang on for life” reflex

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14
Q

What is the rooting reflex?

A

Movement of head toward one side if cheek or mouth is stroked (nipple seeking)

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15
Q

What is the sucking reflex?

A

Sucking response when roof of mouth is touched

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16
Q

What is the palmar reflex?

A

Curling of fingers if palm is stroked

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17
Q

What is the plantar reflex?

A

Dorsiflexion of the large toe and fanning of others with plantar stimullation

(AKA Babinski sign)

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18
Q

What is the Galant reflex?

A

Stroking along one side of the spine while newborn is in ventral suspension (face down) causes lateral flexion of lower body toward stimulated side

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19
Q

Know where the cranial nerves are located in the brain stem.

A

General Principles:

  1. 4 in the midbrain or above, 4 in the pons, 4 in the medulla
  2. CN III, IV, VI, XII in the middle (factors of 12, except for 2)
  3. CN IV is the only one that exits on the dorsal side
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20
Q

What 2 processes is the pineal gland involved in?

A

Melatonin secretion and circadian rhythms

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21
Q

Are the colliculi located on the ventral or dorsal side of the brain stem?

A

Dorsal

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22
Q

Which brain stem colliculi are involved in vision and which ones are involved in hearing?

A

Superior = visual
Inferior = auditory

Think: Your eyes are above your ears

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23
Q

What is Parinaud syndrome?

A

Paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze due to lesion in superior colliculi (e.g. pinealoma)

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24
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A

I - olfactory
II - optic
III - oculomotor
IV - trochlear
V - trigeminal
VI - abducens
VII - facial
VIII - vestibulocochlear
IX - glossopharyngeal
X - vagus
XI - accessory
XII - hypoglossal

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25
Q

What are the components (sensory, motor, or both) or each of the cranial nerves?

A

Mnemonic: Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More.
Components: I - sensory, II - sensory, III - motor, IV - motor, V - both, VI - motor, VII - both, VIII - sensory, IX - both, X - both, XI - motor, XII - motor

26
Q

Which is the only cranial nerve without thalamic relax to cortex and what does it mediate?

A

CN I - smell

27
Q

What are the three cranial nerves that mediate eye movement?

A 
CN III (superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique)
 CN IV (superior oblique)
 CN VI (lateral rectus)
28
Q

What two muscles does the accessory nerve innervate?

A

SCM, trapezius

29
Q

What are the functions of the facial nerve?

A
  1. Facial movement
  2. Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
  3. Lacrimation
  4. Salivation (submandibular and sublingual glands)
  5. Eyelid closing (orbicularis oculi)
  6. Stapedius muscle in the ear
30
Q

Does the facial nerve innervate the parotid gland?

A

No - it just courses through it

31
Q

What does CN III mediate besides extraocular movement?

A

Pupillary constriction, accommodation, eyelid opening

32
Q

What does CN IX mediate?

A
  1. Taste and somatosensation from posterior 1/3 of the tongue
  2. Swallowing
  3. Salivation (parotid gland)
  4. Monitoring carotid body and sinus chemo- and baroreceptors
  5. Stylopharyngeus (elevates the pharynx and larynx)
33
Q

What are the functions of the vagus nerve?

A

Mnemonic: VAGUS TEN
Viscera
Aortic arch chemo and baroreceptors
Gabbing (talking)
Uvula midline
Swallowing

Taste from the epiglottis
Elevation of the soft palate
Noisy coughs

34
Q

How are the motor vs. sensory cranial nerve nuclei laid out in the brain stem?

A

Motor = Medial
Sensory = Lateral (on the Side)

35
Q

What are the 5 cranial nerve reflexes?

A
  1. Corneal
  2. Lacrimation
  3. Jaw jerk
  4. Pupillary
  5. Gag
36
Q

What are the afferent and efferent branches of the corneal nerve reflex?

A

Afferent: V1 ophthalmic
Efferent: VII (temporal branch: orbicularis oculi)

37
Q

What are the afferent and efferent branches of the lacrimation reflex?

A

Afferent: V1
Efferent: VII

38
Q

Is lacrimation reflex the same as emotional tears?

A

No, loss of the lacrimation reflex does not preclude emotional tears

39
Q

What are the afferent and efferent branches of the jaw jerk reflex?

A

Afferent: V3 (sensory - muscle spindle from masseter)
Efferent: V3 (motor - masseter)

40
Q

What are the afferent and efferent branches of the pupillary reflex?

A

Afferent: II
Efferent: III

41
Q

What are the afferent and efferent branches of the gag reflex?

A

Afferent: IX
Efferent: X

42
Q

What are the 3 vagal nuclei?

A
  1. Nucleus solitarius
  2. Nucleus ambiguus
  3. Dorsal motor nucleus
43
Q

What three cranial nerves make up the nucleus solitarius?

A

VII, IX, X

44
Q

What information is carried in the nucleus solitarius?

A

Visceral sensory information (e.g. taste, baroreceptors, gut distention)

45
Q

What three cranial nerves make up the nucleus ambiguus?

46
Q

What is the function of the nucleus ambiguus?

A

Motor innervatino of pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus (e.g. swallowing, palate elevation)

47
Q

What is the function of the dorsal motor nucleus?

A

Sends autonomic (parasympathetic) fibers to the heart, lungs, and upper GI

48
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei make up the dorsal motor nucleus?

49
Q

Where does CN I pass through?

A

Cribiform plate

50
Q

Which cranial nerves are found in the middle cranial fossa?

A

CN II - VI

51
Q

Which cranial nerves are found in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

CN VII - XII

52
Q

What is contained in the optic canal?

A

CN II, ophthalmic artery, central retinal vein

53
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI, ophthalmic vein, sympathetic fibers

54
Q

Where do the different divisions of CN V exit the skull from?

A

Mnemonic: CN V exits due to Standing Room Only (SRO)

V1 - Superior orbital fissue
V2 - foramen Rotundum
V3 - foramen Ovale

55
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

56
Q

Where do CN VII and CN VIII exit the skull?

A

Internal auditory meatus

57
Q

What passes through the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, X, XI, jugular vein

58
Q

Where does CN XII exit the skull?

A

Hypoglossal canal

59
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum?

A

CN XI, brain stem, vertebral arteries

60
Q

The cranial nerves in the middle cranial fossa pass through which bone?

61
Q

The cranial nerves in the posterior cranial fossa pass through which bone(s)?

A

Temporal or occipital bone

First Aid 2014 (24 decks)

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