Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

First Aid 2014 > MSK: 428 - 429 > Flashcards

MSK: 428 - 429 Flashcards

1
Q

What disease is characterized by immune-mediated, widespread noncaseating granulomas?

A

Sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What serum level is classically elevated in sarcoidosis?

A

ACE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which demographic (gender/race) is sarcoidosis most commonly found in?

A

Black females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do patients with sarcoidosis typically present?

A

Often asymptomatic except for enlarged lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sarcoidosis is often diagnoses as an incidental finding. What can you see on CXR?

A
  1. Bilateral hilar adenopathy

2. Reticular opacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 7 things sarcoidosis is associated with?

A

3 Red Things:

  1. Erythema nodosum - inflammation of the fat cells under the skin usually resulting in tender red nodules on both shins
  2. Lupus pernio - chronic hardened lesion on the skin that is usually red/purplish and resembles frostbite
  3. Uveitis

4 Other Random Things:

  1. Restrictive lung disease (interstitial fibrosis)
  2. Bell palsy
  3. Epithelioid granulomas containing Schaumann and asteroid bodies
  4. Hypercalcemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for sarcoidosis?

A

Steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is sarcoidosis associated with hypercalcemia?

A

Increase in 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vitamin D activation in macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does polymyalgia rheumatica typically present?

A
  1. Pain and stiffness in shoulders and hips
  2. Fever
  3. Malaise
  4. Weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is the name polymyalgia rheumatica misleading?

A

Does NOT cause muscular weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What demographic is most commonly affected by polymyalgia rheumatica?

A

Women > 50 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What other disease is polymyalgia rheumatica associated with?

A

Temporal (giant cell) arteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 3 lab findings in polymyalgia rheumatica?

A
  1. Increased ESR
  2. Increased C-reactive protein
  3. Normal CK
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is there an effective treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica?

A

Rapid response to low-dose corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does fibromyalgia present?

A
  1. Chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain
  2. Stiffness
  3. Paresthesias
  4. Poor sleep
  5. Fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What demographic is most commonly affected by fibromyalgia?

A

Females 20 - 50 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are 3 categories of treatments for fibromyalgia?

A
  1. Regular exercise
  2. Antidepressants (TCAs, SNRIs)
  3. Anticonvulsants
18
Q

What is the signature muscular findings in polymyositis and dermatomyositis?

A

Progressive, symmetric (bilateral) proximal muscle weakness

Think: “can’t comb the hair, can’t climb the stairs”

19
Q

What distinguishes polymyositis from dermatomyositis?

A
  1. Polymyositis - NO skin involvement
  2. Polymyositis has endomysial inflammation vs. dermatomyositis which has perimysial inflammation (perimysial = edge of muscle fascile; think: edge is closer to the skin)
  3. Polymyositis has inflammation with CD8+ cells vs. dermatomyositis which has inflammation with CD4+ cells
20
Q

What are 4 classic skin findings in dermatomyositis?

A
  1. Malar rash
  2. Gottron papules
  3. Heliotrope rash (erythematous periorbital)
  4. “Shawl and face” rash
21
Q

What are Gottron papules?

A

Scaly erythematous eruptions or red patches overlying the knuckles, elbows, and knees

22
Q

What cancer is dermatomyositis associated with?

A

Gastric

23
Q

What are 5 lab findings in polymyositis/dermatomyositis?

A
  1. Increased CK
  2. Positive ANA
  3. Positive anti-Jo-1
  4. Positive anti-SRP
  5. Positive anti-Mi-2 antibodies
24
Q

What is the treatment for polymyositis/dermatomyositis?

A

Steroids

25
Q

What are two neuromuscular junction diseases?

A
  1. Myasthenia gravis

2. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

26
Q

What is the most common neuromuscular junction disease?

A

Myasthenia gravis

27
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis.

A

Autoantibodies to the postsynaptic ACh receptor

28
Q

What do the autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis do?

A

They compete with ACh; they do NOT destroy the receptor

29
Q

How does myasthenia gravis present?

A

Ptosis, diplopia, weakness

30
Q

Compare and contrast myasthenia gravis and LEMS in terms of how the weakness changes with use.

A

Myasthenia - worsens with muscle use

LEMS - improves with muscle use

31
Q

What are 2 associations with myasthenia gravis?

A
  1. Thymoma

2. Thymic hyperplasia

32
Q

Compare and contrast the treatment of myasthenia gravis and LEMS with AChE inhibitors.

A

Myasthenia - reversal of symptoms

LEMS - minimal effect

33
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of LEMS.

A

Autoantibodies to presynaptic calcium channel leads to decreased ACh release

34
Q

How does LEMS typically present?

A
  1. Proximal muscle weakness

2. Autonomic symptoms (dry mouth, impotence)

35
Q

What is one big clinical difference between myasthenia and LEMS?

A

LEMS typically spares the eyes

36
Q

What is LEMS usually associated with?

A

Small cell lung cancer (LEMS is a paraneoplastic syndrome)

37
Q

How do we treat LEMS?

A

Resection of the cancer

38
Q

What is myositis ossificans?

A

Metaplasia of skeletal muscle to bone following muscular trauma

39
Q

Where is myositis ossificans typically observed?

A

In the extremities

40
Q

How does myositis ossificans typically present?

A
  1. As a suspicious mass at site of known trauma

2. Incidental finding on radiography

First Aid 2014 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions