Respiratory

Question 1

Beta-Adrenergics (Bronchodilators)

Examples:

• Xopenex (levalbuterol)
• Proventil, Ventolin (albuterol)
• Brethine (terbutaline)

Answer 1

Uses: prevent and treat bronchoconstriction

S.E: Tachycardia, restlessness, nervousness. (Pt will be hyper)

1st Resp. Drug used in attack, quick short term relief.

• Rescue med inhalor
• SABA-> wait 1-2 mins betweeen puffs
• *Serevent ->* LABA (at night) 8-12 hours

Question 2

Anticholinergics (Bronchodialators)

Examples:

• Atrovent (inhaled, less SE)
• Combivent (i**pratropium bromide/albuterol)
• Atropine

Answer 2

Contraindications: glaucoma and prostatic hypertrophy

S.E: dry mouth, blurred vision, nervousness, nausea. Nasal epitaxis, dryness, irritation.

• Slow onset
• Inhibit bronchoconstriction; used with other bronchodilators.

RAINSE MOUTH!! (bad taste)

Question 3

Xanthines (Bronchodilators) **maintainence dose**

• aminophylline (IV drip)
• Theo-Dur (theophylline)

Answer 3

Conrtaindications: acute gastritis, PUD, CV disorders

S.E: tachycardia, convulsions, anxiety.

• Daily intake
• CHECK FOR TOXICITY (BLOOD LEVELS)
• Many food/drugs interactions

Question 4

Anti-inflamatory antiasthmatics

Corticosteroids

1. Pulmicort (nbs tx)
2. Solu-Cortef (hydrocortisone)
3. Vanceril (beclomethasone)
4. Azmacort (triamcinolone)
5. Aerobid
6. Flovent (fluticasone)

Answer 4

Action: suppress inflamation and reduce airway inflamation.

Uses: acute and chronic asthma

S.E: hoarseness, fungal infections, hyperresponsiveness

• Inhaled (spacer)–> long term use –> less S.E. (Rainse mouth)
• Systemic–> Short term use –> exacerbations (Many S.E.)

Question 5

Leukotrine Inhibitors or Modifiers

(anti-inflammatory)

1. Singulair (montelukast)
2. Accolate (zafirlukast)

**Maintanance dose**

Answer 5

Uses: inhibit bronchoconstriction and inflammation by blocking leukotrines that cause bronchoconstriction.

Uses: prophylaxis and chronic asthma tx.

S.E.: H/A, elevated liver enzymes, liver dysfunction

Question 6

Mast Cell Stabilizers

(anti-inflammatory)

1. Nasalcrom (cromolyn)
2. Intal (cromolyn sodium)
3. Tilade (nedocromil sodium)

Answer 6

Action: stabilize mast cells, prevent release of bronchoconstrictive and inflammatory substances.

Uses: prophylaxis of asthma attacks

Contra: impaired hepatic and real function pts.

S.E.: arrythmias, hypotension, chest pain, decrease responsiveness/hyperactivity.

**Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm**

**Prevention of asthma due to environmental triggers**.