Diuretics

Question 1

Diuretics

1. Thiazides
2. Loop
3. K-Sparing
4. Osmotic Diuretics: *mannitol (Osmitrol)

Answer 1

**Purpose: **to treat excessive fluid in the body

Action: act on kidneys to decrease reabsorption of Na, Cl, water and other substances

Uses: edema and HTN

**Give diuretics in the early morning for daily dosages**

**S.E: **Dehydration, Low electrolytes levels (Na, Mg, Cl, K) Hypreglycemia, Hyperuricemia

Question 2

Thiazides and related

chlorothiazide (Diuril)

indapamide (Lozol)

chlorthalidone

metolazone

Answer 2

Action:

1. Inhibit NaCl reabsorption
2. Dec volume
3. Lower BP moderately in 2-4 weeks

SE: pancreatitis, sexual problems, photosensitivity, rash, ^ BG

Nursing Cons: *Monitor orthostatic BP, K*, Digoxin toxicity, NSAID use decreases effectiveness, Incre. K diet

Question 3

Loop Diuretics

furosemide (Lasix)

torsemide (Demadex)

*-nide, -mide

Answer 3

Action:

1. Inhibit NaCl reabsorption
2. Dec volume
3. *POTENT DIURETIC, LESS effective for BP

SE: ototoxicity, cholesterol problems

Nursing Cons: *Monitor orthostatic BP, F/E

**EFFECTIVE even in RENAL INSUFFICIENCY**

Question 4

Potassium Sparing

*amiloride (Midamor)

*trimterene (Dyrenium)

spironolacyone (Aldactone)

Answer 4

Action: Reduces K+ and Na+ exchange

S.E: Hyperkalemia, N/V/D, HA, leg cramps, dizziness

Nursing: *Monitor orthostatic BP, F/E, Avoid K+ supplements

**USE CAUTION with ACE Inhibitors, and ARBs=Hyperkalemia.

Question 5

Aldosteron Receptor Blockers

spironolactone (Aldactone)

eplerenone (Inspra)

Answer 5

Action:

1. Inhibit aldosterone effects on kidneys

SE: Hyperkalemia, N/V/D, HA, leg cramps, dizziness, GYNECOMASTIA, SEXUAL PROBLEMS, MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITIES

Nursing Cons: *Monitor orthostatic BP, F/E,

**DO NOT COMBINE WITH K+ Sparing diuretics.**

**USE CAUTION with ACE Inhibitors, and ARBs=Hyperkalemia.**