GI Meds Flashcards
Antacids
- magnesium hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide **(Maalox) **
- calcium carbonate (Mylanta, Toms)
- Gaviscon
Action: Neutralize gastric acids
**Uses: **heartburn, indigestion, GERD
** _Contraindicated in Renal Failure, CHF, HTN _**
**S.E: **Diarrhea, constipation, hypermagnesemia
Histamine H2Antagonist
- cimetidine (Tagamet)
- famotidine (Pepcid)
**Action: **decreases amount and acidity of gastric juices
Uses: Esophagitis, GI bleeding. Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcers and benign gastric ulcers. Maintenance therapy for duodenal ulcers after healing of active ulcer(s). Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
**S.E: **Mental confusion, dizziness, skin rashes.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI)
- lansoprazole (Prevacid)
- *omeprazole *(Prilosec)
**Action: **Prevent release of gastric acid into the stomach lumen by blocking the final step of acid production (transport of H+ into the lumen)
Uses: Peptic Ulcer Disease** (PUD)**, GERD
**Contraindications: **liver disease, elderly, pregnancy
**S.E: **diarrhea, abdominal pain, N/V
Laxatives & Cathartics
- Metamucil
**Purpose: **used to promote bowel elimination
**Action: **
- Bulk forming laxatives
- Surfactant laxatives
- Irritant or stimulant cathartics
**Uses: **relief constipation
**Contra: **undiagnosed abdominal pain
**S.E: **hypokalemia (low potassium)
Anti-Diarrheals
- Pepto-Bismol
- **Lomotil **
- **Septra **(antibacterials)
- Imodium
**Uses: **prevent and treat diarrhea
**Contra: **children <2
**S.E: **constipation, drug dependence
Anti-Emetics
- Thorazine
- Phenergan
- Dramamine
- Antivert, Bonine
- Reglan
**Purpose: **used to prevent or treat N&V
Action:
- **- **Phenothiazines: Act by depressing the nausea center in the CNS.
- Antihistamines
- Prokinetic Agents
- Miscellaneous
**Contra: **routine use mask diagnosis or toxicity
**S.E: **Excessive sedation, HYPOtension, extrapyramidal reactions, anticholinergic effects
