Respiratory 4 Flashcards
1
Q
long term daily control of asthma
A
- long acting beta 2 agonists (salmeterol)
- low to high dose corticosteroids (beconase)
- mast cell inhibitors (cromolyn)
- leukotrine modifiers (montelukast/singulair)
2
Q
asthma education
A
- understand basic facts (children and adults)
- medications (esp rescue inhaler)
- daily management plan
- action plan
- school health care plan(ie/ 504 plan)
3
Q
asthma treatment outcomes
A
- optimal pulmonary function
- able to perform daily activities
- able to participate in sports/endurance activites
4
Q
describe chronic lung disease or BPD
A
- chronic pulmonary obstructive disease occuring in infants (esp preterm)
- associated with prolonged oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation causing bronchial, alveolar, and epithelial damage
- *chronic low oxygenation (similar to COPD)
5
Q
s/s of chronic lung disease
A
tachypnea wheezing rales/retractions tachycardia increased work of breathing barrel chest pallor poor feeding poor activity tolerance **
6
Q
medications for CLD or BPD
A
- bronchodilators
- corticosteroids
- diuretics
- anti inflammatory
7
Q
discharge of CLD or BPD
A
- goal is maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation
- trach care
- oxygen therapy
- CPR training for family
- nutritional support
- developmental stimulation program
- know warning signs of illness
8
Q
describe cystic fibrosis
A
- autosomal recessive disorder of exocrine gland dysfunction
- median life expectancy (40 yrs)
- CF transmembrane regular defective affecting sodium chloride transport and water does not move across cell membrane
9
Q
further describe cystic fibrosis
A
- abnormal mucus secretion and obstruction causing
- marked elevation of sweat electrolyte(sodium and chloride)
- overactive exocrine gland from abnormal automatic NS function
- if BOTH parents have recessive gene, 25% chance will get this
10
Q
what systems can be affected with cystic fibrosis
A
- multiples
- respiratory: increased mucus secretion blocks airway and ideal for bacterial growth
- GI: pancreatic ducts are blocked by mucus
- reproductive: ovarian ducts may be blocked/may be infertile
- *increased loss of sodium causing salt depletion
11
Q
CF diagnosis
A
- can be diagnosed with amniocentesis
- *sweat chloride test, if >60mEq = positive
- 72 hr stool collection test for fecal fat
- must be take to a registered CF clinic
12
Q
CF s/s
A
- meconium ileus
- salty tasting skin
- profuse sweating
- dry, non productive cough
- increased secretions
- fatty stool
- clubbing
- cyanosis, wheezing
- muscle wasting and inability to thrive
- look a LOT younger than their actual age
13
Q
CF treatment
A
- take lots of meds
- pancreatic enzymes: need with each meal**
- vitamins (ADEK)
- antibiotics (prophylaxis)
- mucolytics (pulmozyme)
- CPT (vest or cupping motion to break up secretions)
- oxygen therapy
- preventative vaccines
- high calorie/protein diet and decreased fat
14
Q
goals of CF
A
- minimize pulmonary complications
- ensure adequate nutrition for growth
- encourage physical activity
- promote reasonable quality of life (ie/ isolation)
- multidisciplinary approach(many HC providers working together)
- in hosptial for 21 days for “tune up” for IV antibiotics
15
Q
CF causes _____
A
pancreatic insufficiency
- treat with pancreatic enzymes
- 1-5 capsules with meal
- adjusted level for growth and to decrease stool to 1 or 2
