Integument 1 Flashcards
newborn skin is…
*40-60% thinner than adult skin
Thinner skin also increases the potential absorption of topical medications
what are some skin pediatric differences
- Infants lose heat more rapidly because of thinner skin and less subcutaneous fat
- Infants have difficulty regulating body temperature and become more easily chilled than older children and adults
what are the two types of skin lesions
Primary lesions
Secondary lesions
describe primary lesions
- Arise from previously healthy skin
- macules, patches, papules, nodules, tumors, vesicles, pustules, bullae, and wheals
describe secondary lesions
-Secondary lesions result from changes in primary
lesions
-crusts, scales, lichenification (thickening of the skin with increased visibility of normal skin furrows), scars, keloids, excoriation, fissures, erosions, and ulcers
an inflammatory rash with itching and redness caused by various reasons
dermatitis
three common classifications of dermatitis
contact, atopic (diaper dermatitis), and seborrheic
describe contact dermatitis
- can be poison ivy/oak or allergen reactant/irritant
- Treat with mild steroids or potent depending on degree
- remove offending agent and antihistamine may help relieve itching
describe diaper dermatitis
- may need nystatin (contain it to one area)
- common cause o irritant contact dermatitis in infants 9-13 mos and toddler
- common complication is yeast infection (need nystatin)
- do NOT use steroids with yeast need antifungal
describe impetigo
- *Highly contagious bacterial infection (easily passed to another with touch)
- Exudate is crusty in appearance and sticky to touch
s/s of impetigo
lesion starts as a vesicle or pustule with edema and erythema – later the lesions erupt, leaving honey-colored exudate
treatment of impetigo
- *Mupirocin (Bactroban)- a topical antibiotic is prescribed in mild cases
- Severe cases need systemic antibiotics
- topical in mild cases, if oral is given for severe do not also need topical, do NOT overdose)
nursing education for family of pt with impetigo
- Parents should be instructed to remove the crust from the lesions by washing prior to placing topical treatment
- Good handwashing is necessary
- Children should be instructed to not scratch the lesions this will cause infection to spread to other areas
bacterial infection that enters the body via existent openings in the skin caused by dermatological conditions or trauma
cellulitis
s/s of cellulitis
- Edematous
- Erythematous
- Warm or hot to touch
- Pain at affected area
treatment of cellulitis
- Mild cases may be treated at home with oral antibiotics
- Severe cases need hospitalization and intravenous medications
- Some cases require incision and drainage (I & D)
what is Molluscum Contagiosum
small itty bitty warts that grow back (eventually go away, may freeze them)
how do you get rid of viral skin infections
Viral infections usually resolve on own but may take a while
examples of skin viral infections
Warts (Papillomavirus)
Molluscum Contagiosum
examples of fungal infections
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush) Dermatophytoses (Ringworm) Tinea capitis Tinea corporis Tinea Cruris Tinea pedis
describe Candida Albicans
- aka Oral Thrush
- Characterized by white patches that look like coagulated milk on the oral mucosa
- Treatment oral nystatin suspension applied to mouth and tongue
if there is a systemic infection (especially if on the head) what should the treatment be
oral antibotics
treat for about 4-6 wks
describe Dermatophytosis
- Called “ringworm”
- Superficial infections that live on the skin
- Easily transferred from one person to another or from infected animals to humans
nursing management and overall treatment for fungal infections
- *teaching and emphasizing good health and hygiene
- Treatment: Griseofulvin by mouth for weeks or months; -medication should be taken with high-fat foods for best absorption
- for children taking this medication for greater than 6 weeks, monitor renal and liver function
