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PEDS > Integument 1 > Flashcards

Integument 1 Flashcards

1
Q

newborn skin is…

A

*40-60% thinner than adult skin

Thinner skin also increases the potential absorption of topical medications

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2
Q

what are some skin pediatric differences

A
  • Infants lose heat more rapidly because of thinner skin and less subcutaneous fat
  • Infants have difficulty regulating body temperature and become more easily chilled than older children and adults
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3
Q

what are the two types of skin lesions

A

Primary lesions

Secondary lesions

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4
Q

describe primary lesions

A
  • Arise from previously healthy skin

- macules, patches, papules, nodules, tumors, vesicles, pustules, bullae, and wheals

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5
Q

describe secondary lesions

A

-Secondary lesions result from changes in primary
lesions
-crusts, scales, lichenification (thickening of the skin with increased visibility of normal skin furrows), scars, keloids, excoriation, fissures, erosions, and ulcers

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6
Q

an inflammatory rash with itching and redness caused by various reasons

A

dermatitis

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7
Q

three common classifications of dermatitis

A

contact, atopic (diaper dermatitis), and seborrheic

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8
Q

describe contact dermatitis

A
  • can be poison ivy/oak or allergen reactant/irritant
  • Treat with mild steroids or potent depending on degree
  • remove offending agent and antihistamine may help relieve itching
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9
Q

describe diaper dermatitis

A
  • may need nystatin (contain it to one area)
  • common cause o irritant contact dermatitis in infants 9-13 mos and toddler
  • common complication is yeast infection (need nystatin)
  • do NOT use steroids with yeast need antifungal
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10
Q

describe impetigo

A
  • *Highly contagious bacterial infection (easily passed to another with touch)
  • Exudate is crusty in appearance and sticky to touch
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11
Q

s/s of impetigo

A

lesion starts as a vesicle or pustule with edema and erythema – later the lesions erupt, leaving honey-colored exudate

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12
Q

treatment of impetigo

A
  • *Mupirocin (Bactroban)- a topical antibiotic is prescribed in mild cases
  • Severe cases need systemic antibiotics
  • topical in mild cases, if oral is given for severe do not also need topical, do NOT overdose)
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13
Q

nursing education for family of pt with impetigo

A
  • Parents should be instructed to remove the crust from the lesions by washing prior to placing topical treatment
  • Good handwashing is necessary
  • Children should be instructed to not scratch the lesions this will cause infection to spread to other areas
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14
Q

bacterial infection that enters the body via existent openings in the skin caused by dermatological conditions or trauma

A

cellulitis

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15
Q

s/s of cellulitis

A
  • Edematous
  • Erythematous
  • Warm or hot to touch
  • Pain at affected area
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16
Q

treatment of cellulitis

A
  • Mild cases may be treated at home with oral antibiotics
  • Severe cases need hospitalization and intravenous medications
  • Some cases require incision and drainage (I & D)
17
Q

what is Molluscum Contagiosum

A

small itty bitty warts that grow back (eventually go away, may freeze them)

18
Q

how do you get rid of viral skin infections

A

Viral infections usually resolve on own but may take a while

19
Q

examples of skin viral infections

A

Warts (Papillomavirus)

Molluscum Contagiosum

20
Q

examples of fungal infections

A 
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)
Dermatophytoses (Ringworm)
Tinea capitis
Tinea corporis
Tinea Cruris
Tinea pedis
21
Q

describe Candida Albicans

A
  • aka Oral Thrush
  • Characterized by white patches that look like coagulated milk on the oral mucosa
  • Treatment oral nystatin suspension applied to mouth and tongue
22
Q

if there is a systemic infection (especially if on the head) what should the treatment be

A

oral antibotics

treat for about 4-6 wks

23
Q

describe Dermatophytosis

A
  • Called “ringworm”
  • Superficial infections that live on the skin
  • Easily transferred from one person to another or from infected animals to humans
24
Q

nursing management and overall treatment for fungal infections

A
  • *teaching and emphasizing good health and hygiene
  • Treatment: Griseofulvin by mouth for weeks or months; -medication should be taken with high-fat foods for best absorption
  • for children taking this medication for greater than 6 weeks, monitor renal and liver function
25
Q

describe atopic dermatitis

A
  • Common chronic skin condition of children with no known etiology
  • aka eczema
  • Signs & Symptoms: red, itchy, painful raised rash
  • This rash can become intense and difficult to manage
26
Q

treatment of atopic dermatitis

A
  • *Moisturize, moisturize, moisturize
  • Avoid harsh soaps and lotions
  • May need topical cream (steroid or non-steroid – -prescription or over the counter (OTC)
27
Q

describe Pediculosis Capitis

A
  • *aka head lice
  • Very common, especially in school age children
  • Itching is usually the only symptom and involves the occipital area , behind the ears, and the nape of the neck
  • Diagnosed by observation of the white eggs (nits) attached to the hair shafts
28
Q

treatment of head lice

A
  • Treatment is the application of pediculicides AND manual removal of nit cases!
  • Drug of choice is ***Nix – recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics
29
Q

when can children with head lice return to school

A
  • As long as they have started treatment, may return to school the next day
  • Only contagious if sharing hair products or rubbing up against someone(bugs do not fly or jump from one person to another) direct contact
30
Q

describe scabies incidence

A
  • Scabies is transmitted by close personal contact with an infected person and is more common in persons who live in crowed conditions or share a bed.
  • Higher contagious and most commonly seen in children younger than 2 years
31
Q

describe s/s of scabies

A
  • Rash is red streaked and appears linear from the burrowing
  • Also papules result from the infestation
  • Intense itching is present
32
Q

treatment of scabies

A
  • usually with Elimite cream or lotion and all person in close contact are treated
  • treat all clothing, bedding, towels, cloth toys, hair items by washing in hot water and placing in dryer
33
Q

what is the third highest cause of death in children

A
  • *burns
  • 33% of all burns affect children younger than the age of 19 years
  • Remember very young children if severely burned have a higher mortality rate than older children and adults with similar burns
34
Q

what are the types of burns and the most common one that affects children

A

Chemical
Electrical
Radiation
Thermal – this is the most common burn affecting children

35
Q

why are burns so detrimental to children

A
  • Children have THINNER skin than adults therefore lower burn temperatures and shorter exposure to heat may cause a severe burn to a child
  • Children are at greater risk for fluid and heat loss, dehydration, and metabolic acidosis than adult
36
Q

how are burns measured on kids

A

Modified rule of nines utilized in pediatric population

37
Q

what can occur after a child has a burn

A
  • Scarring more severe in children
  • Immature immune system puts children at greater risk for infection
  • May see a delay in growth after a burn injury

PEDS (24 decks)

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