MS 2 Flashcards
medical management of DDH
- Treatment varies depending on the severity of the symptoms, the extent of the dysplasia, and the infant’s age.
- Greater chance a normal hip will develop if dislocation is corrected during the first days of life
- During neonatal period, a corrective device is placed to maintain the hip in flexion and abduction
most common treatment of DDH
- Traction is used followed by casting/immobilization between the ages 6 to 18 months
- Older child – operative reduction
describe scoliosis
- Lateral curvature of the spine of more than 10 degrees
- Can occur anywhere along the spine – thoracic area is the most common
- Most common spinal deformity
- Can be congenital, develop during infancy or childhood, but most commonly seen in early adolescence – called idiopathic scoliosis*
scoliosis diagnostics
Forward bending test – screening test
X-ray of the spine – anterioposterior and lateral
medical management of scoliosis
- Monitored closely every 3 to 12 months is curve is less than 20 degrees
- If curvature 20 to 40 degrees, bracing is usually considered along with exercise
- Surgery may be considered for severe cases
if bone is every disturbed…
(ie/ surgery or compound fracture), at risk for bone infection (ex/ osteomyelitis requires antibiotics)
mild and severe treatment of scoliosis
- If curvature is not too bad, just try to attempt good posture to strengthen back muscles to prevent further complications or back discomfort/pain
- May continue to worsen, may need brace or surgery if brace doesn’t work (put rods in bone)
describe osteomyelitis
- Infectious process of the bone
- May be acute or chronic
- Can occur at any age. Most commonly between 1 to 12 years
- Most commonly seen in boys – two to three times as often as girls
clinical manifestations of osteomyelitis
-Fever
-Abrupt pain – point tenderness above the bone and swelling and warmth over the bone
-Unwillingness to bear weight or to move limb
Irritability
-Possible dehydration/poor appetite
medical management of osteomyelitis
- IV antibiotics usually for 4 to 6 weeks
- Bed rest
- Affected limb may be immobilized in a cast or splint
- Surgery may be performed
A group of muscle disorders that cause the gradual wasting of symmetrical groups of skeletal muscles.
Most common group of muscle disorders in childhood
Muscular Dystrophies
is the most common and serious type of muscular dystrophies
Duchenne’s
describe Duchenne’s
This is an X-linked disorder; it is seen only in males
Onset: within first 3-4 years of life
*Sometimes children are perfectly normal in development until ages 3 or 4 and start having muscle wasting
describe the development of Duchenne’s
- Muscle weakness begins in the lower extremities in early childhood
- As the disease progresses scoliosis, other musculoskeletal conditions, cardiomyopathy, and respiratory difficulty occur
- *Progressive weakness and muscle deformity leads to chronic disability
treatment of muscular dystrophies
- No effective treatment for childhood muscular dystrophy
- Treatment goal is to provide support and prevent complications such as infection or spinal deformities
