EENT 1 Flashcards
what are the eye pediatric differences
visual acuity in neonates is 20/100-400
age 2: 20/50
age 6/7: 20/20 (have vision checked if not)
*if make it through adolescent with 20/20 likely have it through adulthood
what are the ear pediatric differences
eustachian tubes lie more horizontally and shorter, wider, straighter in infants (at risk for ear infections d/t horizontal)
nose, throat and mouth pediatric differences
- infants < 6 months have nasal breathers
- may have visible palatine tonsils (tonsils decrease in size with age)
- taste sensation present before birth (do NOT put medicine in formula, can taste change)
diagnostic tests of EENT
audiologic screening newborn hearing screening tympanogram vision screening labs: CBC, culture and sensitivity for strep
disorders of the eye
conjunctivitis
periorbital cellulitis
strabismus
amblyopia
describe conjunctivitis
pink eye
inflammation of conjunctiva
caused by bacterial, viral or allergic agents
s/s of conjunctivitis
redden swollen eye, excessive tearing, w/ clear, watery yellow/green drainage and eyelid crusting
yellow/green may indicate bacterial
what do allergic eyes look like and what helps relieve
itchy eyes, red d/t rubbing eyes (watery)
*antihistamine may help relieve s/s of itchy eyes
what do you teach about eye drops
- eye drops should not let bottle touch eye and contaminate it
- pull eyelid down and place drops in corner of eye
- use drops for 5-7 days (will improve after 24 hrs)
- do NOT encourage OTC eyedrops
how do you administer ointment
start at inside of eye and ribbon to outside
what are you most concerned about forming from a bacterial conjunctivitis
periorbital cellulitis
describe cellulitis
- forms from bacterial conjunctivitis
- does NOT respond to treatment, vision changes after eye drops
- infection of eyelid surrounding tissue, caused by bacteria
- complication of sinusitis
s/s of periorbial cellulitis
edematous , tender red/purple eyelids, restricted painful movement of the area around eyelid, FEVER
clinical management of periorbital cellulitis
hospitalization
IV antibiotics
describe strabismus
cross eye
one eye deviates from point of rxation
weak eye becomes lazy
can be congenital or acquired
what can strabismus lead to
amblyopia
describe amblyopia
aka lazy eye
vision is reduced in one or both eyes
what can amblyopia lead to
disuse blindness if pt only uses dominant eye
what is disuse amblyopia
- follows undetected strabismus
- strabismus need to be detected/corrected by age 4-6 yrs to prevent this
what is the cause amblyopia
- untreated strabismus
- congenital cataract
- uncorrected refractive errors causes visual differences between eyes
describe ottis media
ear infection acute or chronic very common in 6 mos-2 years occurs often in winter children are at greater risk d/t horizontal Eustachian tubes eustachian tube opens during sucking
describe what bubbles behind ear drum mean
- not infection
- mean fluid is present
- do NOT treat with antibiotics
- sinuses, allergies
how to determine if bubbles behind ear
- pump air through otoscope to see if eardrum moves to determine if ear infection
- should be mobile (normal)
- not moving… fluid buildup!
s/s of AOM (acute ottis media)
- fever
- bulging, red, tympanic membrain
- pain
