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PEDS > Respiratory 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory 2 Flashcards

1
Q

describe what an apparent life threatening event

A

ALTE

  • episode of apnea with color change, limp muscle tone, choking, gagging
  • can occur during sleep, wake, and feeding
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2
Q

ALTE causes

A
  • seizure
  • sepsis
  • prematurity
  • lower RTI
  • no cause
  • GE reflux
  • child abuse??
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3
Q

nursing management ALTE

A
  • obtained detailed hx
  • monitor cardiorespiratory status
  • provide emotional support
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4
Q

what is croup syndrome characterized by

A
  • hoarseness, resonant cough
  • barking, brassy, inspiratory stridor, varying degrees of resp distress
  • affect the larynx, trachea, bronchi
  • mild symptoms of URI (rhinorrhea, cough, low fever)
  • epiglottis swells (blockage of airway)
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5
Q

syndromes of croup

A
  • laryngotracheobroncholitis LTB (viral)
  • epiglottis (bacterial)
  • bacterial traceitis (bacterial)
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6
Q

nursing diagnoses of croup

A
  • ineffective breathing
  • risk for deficit fluid
  • fear
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7
Q

describe acute LTB

A
  • viral
  • most common croup syndrome
  • typical with season changes (fall/winter)
  • slowly progressive
  • cold, virus, RSV, pneumonia
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8
Q

s/s of acute LTB

A
  • URI
  • fever
  • brassy cough (croupy)
  • inspiratory stridor
  • hoarseness
  • dyspnea
  • restlessness
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9
Q

treatment for acute LTB

A
  • humidity (cool mist)- steam from shower
  • nebulized racemic epi
  • corticosteroids
  • give lots of fluids (urine output) and watch for resp distress
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10
Q

what is the first response in acute LTB

A

fever is the first response in children
(48 to 72 hour long period if normal)
>72-96 hrs start to worry about another problem

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11
Q

describe sudden infant death syndrome

A

-sudden death during sleep of infant (<1 yr)

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12
Q

unexplained after autopsy possible causes

A
  • maternal smoking
  • co sleeping/bed sharing
  • sleeping in prone
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13
Q

3rd leading cause of death in young children (<1 yr)

A

SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)

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14
Q

best way to help prevent SIDS

A

up to date immunizations

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15
Q

when should children stop using a pacifier

A
  • helps child go to sleep
  • good when < 1 yr (stop after 1 yr)
  • do not reinsert pacifier once asleep
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16
Q

how should babies sleep

A
  • sleep on BACK “back to sleep”

- supervised tummy time when awake- good for motor development and decreased infant skull flattening

17
Q

describe acute epiglottis

A

*life threatening
rapid progression
croup
bacterial

18
Q

treatment of acute epiglottis

A
  • airway

- antibiotic (aggressive, broad spectrum to cover all bases)

19
Q

s/s of acute epiglottis

A
  • dysphagia (difficulty swallowing/ sore throat)
  • drooling
  • dysphonia (difficulty talking)
  • distress (stridor activated)
  • high fever
  • chin thrust to open airway (tripod)
20
Q

what can you not do if suspected acute epiglottis

A
  • do NOT disturb moth

- can cause airway to block off fully

21
Q

what to do if in acute epiglottis

A
  • call physician
  • have O2 available
  • get crash cart
  • will end up intubated until swelling goes down
22
Q

how long do you stay in the hospital for acute epiglottis

A

until symptoms have resolved

23
Q

what is important to remember about acute epiglottis

A

-visual inspection of the mouth and throat is contraindicated in children suspected with epiglottis

24
Q

what is bacterial tracheitis

A

croup
bacterial
moderately progressive

25
Q

what helps prevent bacterial tracheitis

A

staying up to date with vaccines

26
Q

s/s of acute bacterial tracheitis

A
  • URI
  • high fever
  • croupy cough
  • stridor
  • purulent secretions
27
Q

treatment for acute bacterial tracheitis

A

antibiotics

may need to be intubated d/t occluded airway

28
Q

what can arise after viral resp. infection

A
  • bacterial infection (green secretions are good indicator)

- viral infections with resp secretions produce medium that is good environment for bacteria to grow

29
Q

describe bronchiolitis

A

viral
infants to 2 yrs
winter/spring
usually caused by RSV (resp syncytial virus )

30
Q

s/s of bronchiolitis

A
  • URI
  • tachypnea
  • retractions
  • nasal secretions (thick)
  • cough
  • anorexia
  • low grade fever
  • wheezing/crackles per auscultaion
31
Q

treatment of bronchiolitis

A
  • humidified O2
  • nasal bulb suctioning
  • IV fluids: monitor urine output
  • isolation: RSV can spread in hospital
  • neb treatment sometimes (albuterol)
  • *Ribavirin (antiviral): controversy, only used for infants with severe life threatening infection
32
Q

why does bronchiolitis occur

A

because tubes are small

33
Q

nursing diagnoses for bronchiolitis

A
  • ineffective airway clearance
  • activity intolerance (d/t decreased O2)
  • interrupted family

PEDS (24 decks)

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