Respiratory 2 Flashcards
describe what an apparent life threatening event
ALTE
- episode of apnea with color change, limp muscle tone, choking, gagging
- can occur during sleep, wake, and feeding
ALTE causes
- seizure
- sepsis
- prematurity
- lower RTI
- no cause
- GE reflux
- child abuse??
nursing management ALTE
- obtained detailed hx
- monitor cardiorespiratory status
- provide emotional support
what is croup syndrome characterized by
- hoarseness, resonant cough
- barking, brassy, inspiratory stridor, varying degrees of resp distress
- affect the larynx, trachea, bronchi
- mild symptoms of URI (rhinorrhea, cough, low fever)
- epiglottis swells (blockage of airway)
syndromes of croup
- laryngotracheobroncholitis LTB (viral)
- epiglottis (bacterial)
- bacterial traceitis (bacterial)
nursing diagnoses of croup
- ineffective breathing
- risk for deficit fluid
- fear
describe acute LTB
- viral
- most common croup syndrome
- typical with season changes (fall/winter)
- slowly progressive
- cold, virus, RSV, pneumonia
s/s of acute LTB
- URI
- fever
- brassy cough (croupy)
- inspiratory stridor
- hoarseness
- dyspnea
- restlessness
treatment for acute LTB
- humidity (cool mist)- steam from shower
- nebulized racemic epi
- corticosteroids
- give lots of fluids (urine output) and watch for resp distress
what is the first response in acute LTB
fever is the first response in children
(48 to 72 hour long period if normal)
>72-96 hrs start to worry about another problem
describe sudden infant death syndrome
-sudden death during sleep of infant (<1 yr)
unexplained after autopsy possible causes
- maternal smoking
- co sleeping/bed sharing
- sleeping in prone
3rd leading cause of death in young children (<1 yr)
SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
best way to help prevent SIDS
up to date immunizations
when should children stop using a pacifier
- helps child go to sleep
- good when < 1 yr (stop after 1 yr)
- do not reinsert pacifier once asleep
how should babies sleep
- sleep on BACK “back to sleep”
- supervised tummy time when awake- good for motor development and decreased infant skull flattening
describe acute epiglottis
*life threatening
rapid progression
croup
bacterial
treatment of acute epiglottis
- airway
- antibiotic (aggressive, broad spectrum to cover all bases)
s/s of acute epiglottis
- dysphagia (difficulty swallowing/ sore throat)
- drooling
- dysphonia (difficulty talking)
- distress (stridor activated)
- high fever
- chin thrust to open airway (tripod)
what can you not do if suspected acute epiglottis
- do NOT disturb moth
- can cause airway to block off fully
what to do if in acute epiglottis
- call physician
- have O2 available
- get crash cart
- will end up intubated until swelling goes down
how long do you stay in the hospital for acute epiglottis
until symptoms have resolved
what is important to remember about acute epiglottis
-visual inspection of the mouth and throat is contraindicated in children suspected with epiglottis
what is bacterial tracheitis
croup
bacterial
moderately progressive
