respiratory 3 Flashcards

1
Q

O2 and CO2 gas exchange occurs solely by

A

diffusion

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2
Q

henry’s law

A

when a mixture of gases is in contact wth a liquid, each gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure
at equlibrium - partial pressures in alveoli and capillaries will be equal

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3
Q

diffusion rate depends on

A
  • surface area
  • concentration (P) gradient
  • thickness of the membrane
  • diffusion constant (solubility, molecular weight)
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4
Q

exercise decreases

A

time available for diffusion

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5
Q

limitations to pulmonary gas exchange

A
  1. low inspired oxygen
  2. hypoventilation
  3. diffusion limitations
  4. ventilation-perfusion mismatching
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6
Q

ventilation perfusion coupling

A

lungs and blood flow to the lungs trying to match each other
V/Q ration

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7
Q

VENTILATION

A

THE AIR REACHING THE ALVEOLI

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8
Q

perfusion

A

the blood reaching the alveoli

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9
Q

impaired ventilation

A

shunt

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10
Q

impaired perfusion

A

dead space

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11
Q

when theres not enough ventilation

A

the bronchioles dilate and the pulmonary arterioles constrict

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12
Q

when theres not enough perfusion

A

the pulmonary arterioles dilate and the bronchioles constrict

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13
Q

shunts

A

venous blood going through the lungs without being oxygenated
0 ventilation perfusion ratio

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14
Q

dead space

A

ventilated alveoli don’t receive blood

infinite ventilation perfusion ratio

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15
Q

regional differences in perfusion pressure

A

perfusion pressure is greater lower down in the lungs

bottom is over perfused and the top is under perfused

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16
Q

if you have a cancer at the bottom of your lungs

A

you’ll be under perfused overall because the bottom is over perfused

17
Q

high V/Q

A

usually pulmonary embolism

18
Q

low V/Q

A

chronic bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary oedema

19
Q

blood pO2

A

100mmHg at lungs and 40mmHg after circulating

20
Q

carbamino

A

CO2 combines with terminal amino groups of proteins (haemoglobin)
CO2 and O2 bind seperate parts of haemoglobin

21
Q

bicarbonate

A

most CO2 in blood is carried as bicarbonate

22
Q

3 ways CO2 is transported

A
  • dissolved in blood
  • carbamino
  • bicarbonate
23
Q

most CO2 is transported as

A

bicarbonate

24
Q

carbonic anhydrase

A

converts carbon dioxide to bicarbonate

25
what type of carbon dioxide gets exchanged the most
carbamino
26
Bohr effect
CO2 loading causes O2 offloading
27
Haldane effect
O2 loading causes CO2 off loading