Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physiology 2 > kidney 1 > Flashcards

kidney 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what does the kidney excrete

A

metabolic products - urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin
foreign substances - pesticides, chemicals etc.
excess substance - water etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

order of parts of the nephron

A 
glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule 
thin descending limb of loop of henle 
thick ascending limb of loop of henle 
distal convoluted tubule 
collecting duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

nephrons

A

renal corpuscle (glomerulus and bowman’s capsule) and both convoluted tubules in cortex, loop of henle extend to medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nephritis empty into

A

the collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 types of nephrons

A
  • cortical

- juxtamedullary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cortical nephrons

A

80% of nephrons

- renal corpuscle in outer portion of cortex and short loops of henle extend only into outer region of medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

juxtamedullary nephrons

A

other 20%

  • renal corpuscle deep in cortex and long loops of henle extending deep into the medulla
  • peritubular capillaries and vasa recta
  • ascending limb has defined thick and thin regions
  • enable kidney to secrete very dilute or very concentrated urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the glomerulus do

A

filters blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the glomerulus look like

A

ball like tuft of glomerular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

afferent arteriole

A

supplies the glomerulus capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

efferent arteriole

A

drains the glomerulus
subdivides the peritubular capillaries
which later rejoin to form venues and the renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

glomerulus grains to the

A

efferent arteriole of the renal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 main parts of the renal artery

A

afferent and efferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

driver of glomerular filtration

A

pressure within the glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what determines the pressure within the glomerulus

A

the diameter of the efferent vs. the afferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

glomerular filtration

A

water and most solutes in plasma filter out of glomerular capillaries into bowman’s capsule > renal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

tubular reabsorption

A

as filtered fluid moves along the tubule and through collecting duct, about 99% of water and many useful solutes is reabsorbed to the peritubular space and returned to blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

tubular secretion

A

material is secreted into tubular fluid (such as wastes, drugs, excess ions) - removes substances from blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

solute excretion =

A

glomerular filtration + secretion - reabsorption

20
Q

efferent arteriole drains to

A

peritubular capillaries (vasa recta), peritubular venule, renal vein

21
Q

net filtration pressure is a balance of 2 pressures

A
  • pressures that promote filtration

- pressure that promote reabsorption

22
Q

pressures that promote filtration

A
  • capillary hydrostatic pressure

- interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

23
Q

pressures that promote reabsorption

A
  • plasma colloid osmotic pressure

- interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

24
Q

net filtration pressure is equal to

A

pressures that promote filtration - pressures that promote reabsorption

25
Q

glomerular filtration

A

fluids move across the glomerular capillary in response to net glomerular hydrostatic pressure

26
Q

whaat can’t be filtered

A

cells, platelets
protein complexes
large/medium sized proteins

large things

27
Q

glomerular filtration rate depends on

A
  • permeability of the membrane
  • surface area of the membrane
  • filtration pressure
28
Q

3 barriers to cross in filtration

A
  • glomerular capillary wall - pores between endothelial cell
  • basement membrane - collagen and glycoproteins
  • podocytes - filtration slits between cellular foot processess
29
Q

charge of the basement membrane

A

negative charges of the basement membrane repel anions so they get retained in blood while positively charged things go through

30
Q

homeostasis in the kidney

A

requires kidneys to maintain a relatively constant GFR
too high - too quick for reabsorption
too low - excessive reabsorption, some waste products not adequately excreted - renal hypoxia

31
Q

NFP =

A

net filtration pressure =

GBHP - CHP - BCOP

32
Q

GBHP

A

glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure

the blood pressure of the glomerular capillaries forcing water and solutes through filtration slits

33
Q

CHP

A

capsular hydrostatic pressure
the hydrostatic pressure exerted against the filtration membrane by fluid already in the capsular space and represents back pressure

34
Q

BCOP

A

blood colloid osmotic pressure

due to the presence of proteins in blood plasma and also opposes filtration

35
Q

controlling filtration pressure

A

renal arteriolar resistance

efferent arteriole constriction

  • reduced renal blood flow
  • increases GFR

afferent arteriole constriction

  • reduces renal blood flow
  • reduced GFR
36
Q

three mechanisms of regulating GFR

A
  • renal auto regulation
  • neural regulation
  • hormonal regulation
37
Q

renal autoregulation

A

kidneys themselves maintain constant renal blood flow and GFR using

  • myogenic mechanism
  • tubuloglomerular mechanisms
38
Q

myogenic mechanism

A

occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle cells in afferent arterioles which reduced GFR

39
Q

tubuloglomerular mechanism

A

macula dense provides feedback to glomerulus, inhibits release of NO causing afferent arterioles to sonctrict and decreasing GFR

40
Q

what is the point of auto regulation of GFR and RBF

A

the kidneys are able to maintain a constant renal blood flow and GFR over a large range of arterial pressures

41
Q

myogenic auto regulation occurs in response to

A

slight changes in blood pressure - control at the local level

  • increase in mean arterial blood pressure automatically induces vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole, causing decreased flow, decreased GFR and bringing is back to normal
  • decrease in mean arterial blood pressure induces afferent arteriole vasodilation, increase in flow and GFR, and bringing GFR back to normal levels
42
Q

juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

a collection of densely packed epithelial cells at the TAL/DCT junction
juxtaposed two its own glomerulus, between afferent and efferent arterioles
- position enables it to rapidly alter glomerular resistance in response to changes in the flow rate through the distal nephron

43
Q

sympathetic nerves affecting GFR

A

release NA
shuts down GI blood flow
vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole decreases GFR and renal blood flow

44
Q

circulating hormones affecting GFR

A

atrial natriuretic peptide - increases afferent and decreases efferent which increases pressure and therefore increases GFR

angiotensin

  • blood pressure control
  • operates via positive feedback, increases MAP by vasoconstricting
45
Q

intraglomerular mesanggial cells

A

smooth muscle
regulated intraglomerular capillary blood Flow
MC contraction is couples with contraction of the glomerular capillary endothelium basement membrane
decrease in surface area causing decrease in GFR

physiology 2 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions