Respiratory Flashcards
Define bronchospasm
Bronchi develop a spasm and constrict, narrowing the airways
Define laryngospasm
Narrowing of the larynx. This can fully close the airway and prevent breathing
Define apnoea
The absence of breathing
Define dyspnoea
Difficulty in breathing
Define tachypnoea
Fast breathing
Define rhonchi
Low pitched, gurgling sound heard on auscultation typically caused by an obstruction in the airway, e.g secretions
Define stridor
-inspiratory harsh noise (created in the upper airway) generally very audible
-commonly heard in children with croup
Define cor pulmonale
abnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart as a result of disease in the lungs and/or pulmonary blood vessels
Define epistaxis
nose bleed
Define haemoptysis
coughing up blood, usually red and frothy
Define hypercapnia
high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood stream
Define hypoxaemia
an abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood
Define hypoxia
Where a part of the body is deprived of an adequate oxygen supply at tissue level. This can be through the whole body or just affecting one region of the body
Define cackles
Secretions in the airways that are not fully cleared by coughing, caused typically by infection or inflammation
Define grunting
a grunt heard at the end of the breath as typically a premature baby traps air in the lower airways by closing off the lungs
Define wheeze
inspiratory and or expiratory noise, typically high and squeaky, heard in asthma
What body parts make up the upper respiratory tract?
-nose
-nasal cavity
-pharynx
What body parts make up the lower respiratory tract?
-larynx
-trachea
-bronchi
-lungs
What is the main anatomical difference between the right and left lung?
The right lung is larger then the left, and has 3 lobes (the superior, middle and interior) whereas the left lung is smaller and only has 2 lobes (superior and interior)
What is tidal volume?
The volume of air that is inspired or expired during a normal breath
What in inspiratory reserve volume?
the additional volume of breath that can be inspired in addition to tidal volume
What is the expiratory reserve volume?
the additional volume of breath that can be expired in addition to tidal volume
What is vital capacity?
Volume of total breath inspired and expired
What is residual volume?
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum forceful expiration
What is total lung capacity?
Tidal volume
+
Inspiratory reserve volume
+
expiratory reserve volume
+
residual volume
