Gastro-intestinal issues Flashcards
What causes peptic ulcers in adults?
heliobacter pylori gram negative bacteria
What are the two types of inflammatory bowel disease?
-ulcerative colitis
-chron’s disease
What areas of the bowel can be inflamed in ulcerative colitis?
- rectal and sigmoid colon (proctitis)
- descending colon (left sided colitis)
- transverse colon (extensive colon)
What areas of the bowel can be inflamed in chron’s disease?
- cecum and ileum (ileocecal)
- segments (skip lesions)
- large intestine (colitis)
- perianal
What are the signs and symptoms of IBD?
-diarrhoea
-rectal bleeding
-abdominal pain
-fever
-weight loss
-vomiting
-cramps
For ulcerative colitis, explain..
-gender
-incidence
-smoking
-onset
-location
-pathology
-histological
-complications
-both genders effected
-2-14/100,000 per year
-smoking protects
-15-40 yrs
-distal colon
-continuous inflammatory lesion
-superficial inflammation
-severe bleeding, rupture of bowel, colon cancer
For chron’s disease, explain..
-gender
-incidence
-smoking
-onset
-location
-pathology
-histological
-complications
-females more affected then males
-2-20/100,000
-aggravates
-15-40 years
-distal ileum and caecum
-discontinuous, patchy with skip lesions
-transmural inflammation
-stenosis, abscess formation, fistula, colon cancer
How is IBD investigated and treated?
-full blood count
-blood chemistry
-microscopy sample
-endoscopy/ colonoscopy
-treatment aims to prevent acute attack and prevent relapse
What is nausea?
-often precedes the vomiting
-often an early warning symptom of illness
What are hiccups?
-produced by an involuntary movement of the diaphragm contracting and the glottis
What is abdominal pain?
-usually occurs when there is an obstruction to the passage of food through the intestines
-usually sharp and localised to an area
What is gastro-oesophageal reflux?
-the backwards movement of stomach contents into the oesophagus, through oesophageal sphincter
-when a person regurgitates stomach contents, hydrochloric acid is also regurgitated, which is very strong and can irritate the mucosa
What is dysphagia?
-swallowing can be difficult if the muscles in the throat or the nerves are affected
-weak muscles may have problems in creating the peristalsis that pushes the food bolus into the stomach
What is intraluminal Mal-digestion?
where the intestines fail to allow the nutrients to be absorbed
What is disorder of epithelial transport?
-problems in the wall of the intestine prevent the uptake of the nutrients
-e.g coeliac disease, chron’s disease, lactose intolerance
