Respiratory

Question 1

Viral vs bacterial rhinosinusitis

Answer 1

Viral: No fever, early resolution of fever, resolution before 10th day
Bacterial: Fever > 3 days, recurrent fever, persistent symptoms > 10 days

Question 2

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Triad

Answer 2

Dextrocardia, bronchiectasis, sinusitis

Question 3

Early presentation of PCD (in order):

Answer 3

• Neonatal TTN > Delayed speech due to recurrent OM > Chronic sinusitis (Bilateral purulent discharge)

Question 4

Kartagner Syndrome

Answer 4

Situs inversus
Recurrent sinusitis
Bronchioectesis
Dextrocardia
Infertility

Question 5

Cystic fibrosis has increased risk of which syndromes?

Answer 5

psedobarter syndrome and Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome

Question 6

Cystic Fibrosis mode of inheritance?

Answer 6

Autosomal recessive

Question 7

Cystic Fibrosis diagnosis?

Answer 7

Typical Sx of CF + CFTR dysfunction:

1. Sweat chloride ≥ 60 mmol/L on two occasions
2. OR CFTR gene mutation
3. OR abnormal nasal potential difference test

Question 8

Risk of psedobarter syndrome:

Answer 8

• HypoNa + HypoK + HypoCl + Metabolic alkalosis

Question 9

Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) treatment

Answer 9

• IF no vomiting: electrolytes intestinal lavage solution (GoLYTELY)
• IF vomiting: Hyperosmolar enema + GoLYTELY

Question 10

Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) symptoms

Answer 10

Abdominal pain + RLQ mass + stool retention/fluid level in xray

Question 11

Most common pathogen for infants with CF and treatment

Answer 11

Staph A

IV Vancomycin

Question 12

Foreign body aspiration Most common location

Answer 12

Right bronchus

Question 13

Foreign body aspiration management

Answer 13

Rigid bronchoscopy

Question 14

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea pathophysiology

Answer 14

Adenotonsillar hypertrophy

Question 15

Daytime symptoms of OSA in children include

Answer 15

Inattention, learning difficulties, behavioral problems

Question 16

Cholesteatoma is benign growth of

Answer 16

Squamous epithelium

Question 17

Cholesteatoma can present with

Answer 17

Chronic otorrhea and conductive hearing loss

Question 18

Cholesteatoma examonation

Answer 18

Pearly white mass (anterosuperior quadrant of TM)

Question 19

Cholesteatoma Tx

Answer 19

Sx excision

Question 20

Otitis externa most common organism

Answer 20

 pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Question 21

Otitis externa risk factor

Answer 21

Water exposure

Question 22

Otitis externa symptoms

Answer 22

Tympanic membrane spared, ear canal erythema and edema

Question 23

Otitis externa Tx

Answer 23

—-

Question 24

When is Topical Ciprofloxacin contraindicated?

Answer 24

tympanic membrane perforation

Question 25

Treatment of mastoiditis

Answer 25

Vancomycin

Question 26

Risk factors for acute otitis media

Answer 26

Passive cigarette smoke
Pacifier use
Bottle feed
Day care

Question 27

Acute Otitis Media Tx

Answer 27

Amoxicillin

Question 28

Acute Otitis Media duration of treatment

Answer 28

10 d if 6 m to 2 yrs

5 days if > 2 yrs

Question 29

Recurrent AOM in less than 30 days / refractory symptoms after 2-3 days Tx

Answer 29

Augmentin

Question 30

Major criteria in asthma predictive illness

Answer 30

Eczema
Parent with asthma
 positive skin test for aeroallergen

Question 31

Asthma spirometry

Answer 31

• FEV1/FVC < 80%
• Reversibility test: FEV1 increase by 12% (200ml)
• Exercise/Methacholine challenge test: Worsening FEV1/FVC by 20%
• Peak expiratory flow (PEF) diurnal variability 60L/m or 20% from the baseline