Infectious Flashcards
Most common organisms for neonate meningitis
GBS, E Coli, Listeria
Treatment of Meningitis for <3 m
Cefotaxime+Vanccomycin
Treatment of Meningitis for <1 m
Ampicillin + Cefotaxime
Meningitis organisms in infants > 3m
S. pneumoniae, N Meningitidis
Meningitis Abx in infants > 3m
Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone
LP Contraindications
Increased ICP
Cardiopulmonary instability
Coagulopathy
Infection at site of LP
You want to do LP but patient has inc ICP
If AF open, do LP. If not, CT first
What complication screening is IMP for meningitis
Hearing (within 4 wks of discharge)
When is Dexamethasone given in the treatment of Meningitis?
Within 1 hour of Abx initiation in HIb
Which meningitis has sterile CSF culture 2hours after treatment with 3rd G Cephalosporins
Meningococcal Meningitis
Which meningitis has sterile CSF culture 4 hours after treatment with 3rd G Cephalosporins
Pneumococcal Meningitis
How would microbial pretreatment affect CSF?
Cell count will not change
Glucose will increase
Protein would decrease
Which organism require the lengthiest Abx treatment (Meningitis)
E Coli
When to measure head circumference in Meningitis
In <18m
When to repeat LP in Meningitis?
If the organism is Gram -ve Bacilli, 24-48 hrs after initiation of therapy to ensure sterility
Meningococcal Meningitis/Hib prophylaxis
Rifampin
Severe ICP
Mannitol, hyperventilation
Purpura occurs with which meningitis?
Meningococcal Meningitis
Most common organism causing Pneumonia in <3m
Strept Pneumonia
Most common organism causing Pneumonia in 3m-5y
Viral (RSV)
Most common organism causing Pneumonia in > 5y
M pneumonia
Lobar pneumonia organism and treatment
S pneumoniae.
Outpatient: Amoxicillin
Inpatient: IV Cefuroxime
Bilateral lower lobe pneumonia organism and treatment
M pneumonae
Erythromycin
Bilateral lower lobe pneumonia with Eosinophilia organism and treatment
C Pneumoniae
Erythromycin
Afebrile pneumonia with Eosinophilia and Staccato cough + conjunctivitis <3m organism and treatment
C Trachomatis, Erythromycin
Bilateral interstitial pneumonia
Supportive (Viral)
Hallmark of pneuminia
Fever and cough
Most sensitive marker for pneumonia <5years
Tachypnea and retraction
Virus causing Measles
Paramyxovirus
Virus causing Mumps
Paramyxovirus
Virus causing Rubella
Togavirus
Virus causing Roseola
HHV6
Virus causing Hand Foot Mouth Disease
Coxsackie A
Virus causing Erythema Infectiousum
Parvovirus B19
Mumps features:
Orchitis and parotid gland swelling
Mumps other name
Epidemic Parotitis
Other name of Measles?
Rubeola
Fifth disease is ____
Erythema Infectiousum
Koplik spots are present in _____
Measles
Head to toe rash + lymphadenopathy
Rubella
Vesicles + oral pain
HFMD
Which rash has a high fever?
Roseola
German measles?
Rubella
Erythema Infectiousum characteristic
Slapped cheek appearance
Which rash starts from the trunk?
Roseolla
Most common organism in Cat Scratch Disease
Bartonella henselae
Cat Scratch Disease Tx
Azithromycin
Most common cause of lymphadenitis lasting > 3 weeks
CSD
Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome triad
- Unilateral conjunctivitis
- Preauricular lymphadenopathy
- Cervical lymphadenopathy
Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome Tx
Rifampin
When does Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome occur?
After rubbing the eye after touching the pet
Contaminated Cat bite Tx
Augmentin
Dog/human bite Tx
Augmentin
When to consider a urine catheter sample +ve
If > 50,000 CFU/mL of urine bacterial growth
When to consider a Mid-urinary stream +ve
UTI if > 10^5 (100,000) CFU/mL
Organisms causing Acute otitis media
SHM:
Strept
Haemophilis
Mraxella
Treatment for acute otitis media
Amoxicillin
Acute otitis media risk factors
Passive cigarette smoke
Pacifier use
Bottlefeeding
Day care centers
Complication of acute otitis media
Mastoiditis
Treatment of mastoiditis
Vancomycin
Organism causing otitis externa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which antibiotic to avoid in perforated tympanic membrane
Topical Ciprofloxacin
Patient has otitis externa and a perforated tympanic membrane. Which antibiotic to give?
Ofloxacin
DEXA and ciprofloxacin
Patient with mastoiditis, next step
CT of temporal bone
Etiology of scarlet fever
Streptococcus pyogenes
Clinical features of scarlet fever
Fever
Strawberry tongue
Tonsillar erythema and exudate
Treatment of scarlet fever
Amoxicillin
Precautions for measles ____
Airborne
Haemophilus influenza B and meningococcal disease precaution
Droplet
The major cause of conductive hearing loss in children is
otitis media with effusion (glue ear).
most common cause of congenital non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss in the developed world
CMV
Most common deep neck infection
Peritonsillar Abscess
Examination in Peritonsillar Abscess
Uvula shifted to the contralateral side
Inflamed ipsilateral tonsil: fluctuant, swollen, erythematous with exudates
Parapharyngeal Abscess etiology
Peritonsillar abscess
widened prevertebral (soft tissue) space is seen in
Retropharyngeal Abscess
Treatment of abscess
IV antibiotics
Surgical drainage
Neck asymmetry is seen with
Retropharyngeal Abscess
Medial displacement of the lateral pharyngeal wall and tonsils is seen with
Parapharyngeal Abscess
vaccine - Active Vomiting illness =
Postpone OPV
- Patient wants to take vaccine but has Active profuse diarrhea illness =
postpone Rota
History of intussusception
What vaccine is CI?
⇎ Rota vaccine
- Gelatine allergy what vaccine to avoid ⇎
MMR
Egg allergy, which vaccine is contraindicated?
Yellow fever vaccine
Patient had Kawasaki and received IV I G what vaccination is contraindicated
Varicella and measles for 11 months
Infections that are diagnostic of sexual abuse
 syphilis and gonorrhea
