Respiratory 1

Question 1

what are the 3 processes of the resp system

Answer 1

• ventilation (gas distribution)
• perfusion
• diffusion (alveolar-capillary)

Question 2

describe inadequate perfusion

Answer 2

• Dead space ventilation
• Ventilation is normal, but alveolar perfusion is reduced
• ex/ PE or decreased cardiac output( shock)

Question 3

describe inadequate ventilation

Answer 3

• Shunt
• Pulmonary circulation is adequate, but there is not enough oxygen
• Poor ventilation, preventing ability to breathe
• ex/ pneumonia, COPD (things that are in the alveoli ie/bacteria, pus)

Question 4

cc of resp problems

Answer 4

SOB
Cough
Sputum production/COLOR
Wheezing
Chest pain
Sleep disturbance

Question 5

what do you need to ask about health hx wise

Answer 5

Smoking/vaping makes EVERYTHING worse
Allergies(what makes them worse??)
Previous surgeries/hospitalized for breathing problems before
Respiratory diseases
immunizations

Question 6

what does white sputum indicate

Answer 6

White: upper respiratory infection

Question 7

pulmonary assessment in an emergency

Answer 7

ABC’s first
Is the patient using accessory muscles?
What is RR, HR
What is LOC
Pale, diaphoretic, cyanotic
Does he change body position to breath

Question 8

hs and ts r/t pulmonary

Answer 8

Hypoxia
Hypo/hyperthermia
Hypotension
Hypovolemia
Hypo/hyperglycemia
Thrombus
Tension Pneumothorax
Tablets

Question 9

what are the most important indicators in a pulmonary emergency

Answer 9

pulse ox and blood gases

Question 10

what happens when hyperglycemic

Answer 10

kussmaul breathing (trying to breathe off acid)

Question 11

describe a tension pneumothorax

Answer 11

so much pressure that lung collapses

some are spontaneous (tall skinny people?), car crash

Question 12

describe tachypnea

Answer 12

> 20/ min, RR may increase by 4 breaths for every 1 degree of temp

Question 13

describe bradypnea

Answer 13

RR < 10/min

Question 14

describe kussmaul’s

Answer 14

rapid and deep with sighing

Question 15

Cheyne Stokes-

Answer 15

• cycle of change in rate and depth, shallow then deep

- end of life breathing, dying

Question 16

with _____ RR go up dramatically

Answer 16

fever

Question 17

Asymmetric movement of chest may occur with:

Answer 17

Pleural effusion, atelectasis, pneumonia, pneumothorax

Question 18

Decreased expansion may occur with:

Answer 18

Emphysema, respiratory depression , diaphragm paralysis, atelectasis, obesity, ascites

Question 19

barrel chest is common in who

Answer 19

COPD

Question 20

typical resp problem in obese pts

Answer 20

Cannot breathe when lie down (obese)

no muscle strength in intercostals to pick up chest

Question 21

what is vesicular breath sounds

Answer 21

normal breath sounds

soft, low pitched

Question 22

what is consolidation

Answer 22

is typically d/t thickening from pneumonia

Question 23

what is bronchial breath sounds

Answer 23

louder, harsher (consolidation, thickness, rhonchi)

high pitched

Question 24

what do wheezing breath sounds

Answer 24

narrowing (whale?)

Question 25

what are crackles d/t

Answer 25

d/t fluid (pneumonia)

Question 26

who has fine crackles

Answer 26

Restrictive diseases: pneumonia, heart failure, atelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis

Question 27

who has course crackles

Answer 27

COPD, bronchiectasis, pulmonary edema, severely ill who can’t cough

Question 28

who has wheezing

Answer 28

Severe airway obstruction, if it stops, then the bronchospasm and mucosal swelling has obstructed the airway

Question 29

what will you hear if atelectasis

Answer 29

will not hear anything where lung collapses (will hear above it)

Question 30

what are the normal ABGs

Answer 30

pH: 7.35-7.45
CO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26
pO2: 80-100