Respiratory 1 Flashcards
what are the 3 processes of the resp system
- ventilation (gas distribution)
- perfusion
- diffusion (alveolar-capillary)
describe inadequate perfusion
- Dead space ventilation
- Ventilation is normal, but alveolar perfusion is reduced
- ex/ PE or decreased cardiac output( shock)
describe inadequate ventilation
- Shunt
- Pulmonary circulation is adequate, but there is not enough oxygen
- Poor ventilation, preventing ability to breathe
- ex/ pneumonia, COPD (things that are in the alveoli ie/bacteria, pus)
cc of resp problems
SOB Cough Sputum production/COLOR Wheezing Chest pain Sleep disturbance
what do you need to ask about health hx wise
Smoking/vaping makes EVERYTHING worse Allergies(what makes them worse??) Previous surgeries/hospitalized for breathing problems before Respiratory diseases immunizations
what does white sputum indicate
White: upper respiratory infection
pulmonary assessment in an emergency
ABC’s first Is the patient using accessory muscles? What is RR, HR What is LOC Pale, diaphoretic, cyanotic Does he change body position to breath
hs and ts r/t pulmonary
Hypoxia Hypo/hyperthermia Hypotension Hypovolemia Hypo/hyperglycemia Thrombus Tension Pneumothorax Tablets
what are the most important indicators in a pulmonary emergency
pulse ox and blood gases
what happens when hyperglycemic
kussmaul breathing (trying to breathe off acid)
describe a tension pneumothorax
so much pressure that lung collapses
some are spontaneous (tall skinny people?), car crash
describe tachypnea
> 20/ min, RR may increase by 4 breaths for every 1 degree of temp
describe bradypnea
RR < 10/min
describe kussmaul’s
rapid and deep with sighing
Cheyne Stokes-
- cycle of change in rate and depth, shallow then deep
- end of life breathing, dying
with _____ RR go up dramatically
fever
Asymmetric movement of chest may occur with:
Pleural effusion, atelectasis, pneumonia, pneumothorax
Decreased expansion may occur with:
Emphysema, respiratory depression , diaphragm paralysis, atelectasis, obesity, ascites
barrel chest is common in who
COPD
typical resp problem in obese pts
Cannot breathe when lie down (obese)
no muscle strength in intercostals to pick up chest
what is vesicular breath sounds
normal breath sounds
soft, low pitched
what is consolidation
is typically d/t thickening from pneumonia
what is bronchial breath sounds
louder, harsher (consolidation, thickness, rhonchi)
high pitched
what do wheezing breath sounds
narrowing (whale?)
