Neuro 1

Question 1

neuro issues are typically due to problems of…

Answer 1

1) neurotransmission (Seizures)
2) perfustion (ischemic stroke or hematoma)
3) pathology (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s)

Question 2

restrictive barrier for neurotoxic substances

Answer 2

blood brain barrier

Question 3

describe the meninges

Answer 3

3 layers for protection

Question 4

describe what comprises the cranium

Answer 4

80% brain
10% blood
10% CSF (make 20 ml/hr)

Question 5

the brain is a…

Answer 5

-closed system, “box” according to the monrone kelly doctrine

Question 6

why is it so dangerous if pressure inside the brain increases

Answer 6

• *does NOT have room to swell/grow
• so if pressure increases in brain, it can ONLY go down the spinal cord… will hit pons and medulla which affects breathing and BP regulation…
• may cause death)

Question 7

you need to keep intracranial pressure under a controlled rate to prevent…

Answer 7

herniation

Question 8

how does hyperventilation affect the brain

Answer 8

vasoconstriction and reduces ICP

Question 9

what should the ICP be at normally

Answer 9

should be <15 mmHg

Question 10

cerebral blood flow is maintained by…

Answer 10

*MAP (autoregulation)

want MAP between 70-100

Question 11

what is the max fever the brain can tolerate

Answer 11

107 F

brain will fry-seizure and stop functioning all together

Question 12

the brain runs on what two things

Answer 12

1) oxygen (needs to be aerobic to function)

2) glucose (needs a constant supply, brain is constantly active so needs lots of glucose to function)

Question 13

parkinson’s is a lack of

Answer 13

dopamine

Question 14

seizure is a lack of

Answer 14

oxygenation

Question 15

what is the CPP formula

Answer 15

MAP- ICP

*must maintain this perfusion pressure to the brain

Question 16

how much cerebral spinal fluid does the brain need and what happens if it comes out/starts to leak

Answer 16

• **125 mL at any one time in brain (must maintain this for good functioning)
• when this comes out, brain stops and goes into lock syndrome
• can come out of nose (drain out any times there is a fracture on face/head/spinal cord)

Question 17

normal ICP

Answer 17

5-15

Question 18

normal CPP

Answer 18

55-65

Question 19

normal MAP

Answer 19

75

Question 20

what is important to remember about the brain pressure during neuro surgery

Answer 20

Want perfusion pressure better in surgery (CPP 75-85), which will increase BP to heal whatever neurosurgery pt was having

Question 21

how do we measure CPP

Answer 21

We measure ICP, not CPP (will come out of variant/formula)

Question 22

anything that is myelinated..

Answer 22

Anything that is myelinated goes faster: pain, touch, heat

Question 23

what does acetylcholine do

Answer 23

• excite (nerve, muscle)

- speeds things up in the brain, slows things down in heart tho

Question 24

what inhibits acetylcholine

Answer 24

• serotonin

- inhibits acetylcholine (relax,sleep, mood, some pain)

Question 25

what does norepinephrine do

Answer 25

excites (arousal, dreams, mood)

Question 26

what inhibits norepi

Answer 26

• dopamine

- inhibits norepi (emotion, attention),

Question 27

these neurotransmitters are thought to increase during seizures

Answer 27

Aspartate and glutamate

Question 28

what does the frontal lobe of the brain do

Answer 28

• Motor, memories, judgment, affect, reason

- emotions, thoughts, makes you who you are (memories, thoughts, and ability to critically think/inhibit anger)

Question 29

what does the parietal lobe of the brain do

Answer 29

**Sensation, texture, spatial, sing, eye-hand, taste

Question 30

what does the occipital lobe of the brain do

Answer 30

vision

Question 31

what does the medulla do

Answer 31

resp & cardiac slowing centers

Question 32

what does the pons do

Answer 32

resp and cardiac acceleration centers;

Question 33

what is the midbrain associated with

Answer 33

aqueduct and pain