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Complex > Quiz 1 Cardiac Practice > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Cardiac Practice Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cardiac conduction system

A

SA node (Pacemaker of the heart), AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje Fibers

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2
Q

________ causes heart to contract

A

depolarization

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3
Q

how big is one small sq on a EKG

A

0.04

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4
Q

what is telemetry

A

box with leads that is most common at hospital

white on right, clouds over grass, smoke over fire

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5
Q

describe a normal PR interval

A

3-5 small blocks (0.12 - 0.20)

atrial depolarization

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6
Q

describe p wave

A

depolarization of atria

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7
Q

describe QRS

A

depolarization of ventricles

1-3 small blocks (0.04 - 0.10)

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8
Q

describe T wave

A

repolarization of ventricles

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9
Q

what is Dubins method

A

300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50, 43, 38, 33, 30

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10
Q

what are the most common causes of dysrhythmias

A

hypoxia (no oxygen)

ischemia (no blood flow)

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11
Q

what are additional causes of dysrthythmias

A

sympathetic stimulation
medications
electrolyte imbalance
stretch or hypertropy

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12
Q

what happens if there is too much K

A

elevated T waves and eventually heart stops

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13
Q

what is sinus bradycardia and treatment

A

decreased cardiac output
rate <60
*atropine and pacemaker

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14
Q

what is first degree heart block and treatment

A

PR is prolonged
rate <60
*atropine

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15
Q

what is Wenkebach and treatment

A

second degree heart block
PR is longer, longer, longer and then drops a beat
*atropine

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16
Q

what is Mobitz type two and treatment

A

second degree heart block
beat drops every other beat
poor perfusion
*atropine

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17
Q

what is third degree heart block and treatment

A

brady
AV dissociation
P wave is independent from QRS
*pacemaker

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18
Q

what is atrial flutter

A

saw tooth

atrial rate is 250-350

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19
Q

what is atrial fib and treatment

A

NO p waves
ALWAYS irregular
*most common dysrhythmia d/t CHF
**Calcium channel blocker or cardioversion

20
Q

what is sinus tachycardia and treatment

A

rate >100

*beta blocker, calcium channel blocker

21
Q

what is atrial tachycardia

A

p wave is irregular BUT visible

rate >150

22
Q

what is supraventricular tachycardia and treatment

A

QRS is very narrow
rate >160
cannot determine P wave (NOT visible)
*adenosine or cardioversion if drug doesnt work

23
Q

what types of PVCs are bad

A 
frequently occur (multiple in 6 sec)
couplets (NO perfusion)
multiple foci (multiple areas of irritation)
24
Q

describe PACs

A

do NOT treat
irregular beat
usually d/t sympathetic stimulation

25
Q

describe v tach and treatment

A 
NO p wave
rate about 150
go in and out of, no constant 
**amiodarone IF pulse
**compressions if NO pulse
26
Q

what do you do if monitor says pt is in v tach

A

** always check pt first
-if NO pulse, start compressions
-if pt talks to you, check BP and ask if having chest pain?
pt will code, give O2 and lay down

27
Q

describe polymorphic and treatment

A

v tach in multiple areas
often d/t lack of Mg
*give Mg IV

28
Q

describe V fib

A

no contraction, no cardiac output

*defibrillation

29
Q

what to do in order if pt codes

A

1) begin compression
2) epinephrine
3) defibrillation
4) repeat epi then defib

30
Q

causes of sinus tachy

A

Stress, exercise, fever, pain, meds, metabolic demands, hypovolemia- can lead to decreased diastolic filling time, < SV and cardiac enlargement

31
Q

treatment for sinus tachy

A

Beta Blockers- Metoprolol or Labetolol

Calcium Channel Blockers- Diltiazem (Cardizem)

32
Q

causes of sinus brady

A

Decreased automaticity of SA node, HB, dig toxicity, MI, Hyperkalemia

33
Q

treatment of sins brady

A

atropine and pacemaker

Avoid any suctioning, gag reflex

34
Q

cause of atrial tachy/SVT

A

May have runs without problems, fever, stress, adrenergic meds, caffeine, hypertrophy of atrium, asthma
Leads to increased workload, < coronary bloodflow and < C.O.

35
Q

treatment of atrial tachy and SVT

A

Adenosine (Adenocard)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)-
Carduiversion

36
Q

causes of atrial fib and atrial flutter

A

CHF, LV failure, injury to SA node, catecholamine secretion

37
Q

treatment of atrial fib and atrial flutter

A 
Cardizem
Digoxin
Amiodarone
Cardioversion
Anticoagulants, esp for A. fib
38
Q

causes of V tach and V fib

A

Myocardial irritability, M.I., ischemia, plaque formation, toxic irritation from drugs & chemical, mechanical irritation from leads, hypoxia and hypertrophy of ventricles

39
Q

transition of pt with V tach

A

angina, apprehension, < CO, < BP, unresponsive

40
Q

treatment of v tach

A

PULSE: amiodarone

NO PULSE: compression, epi, shock

41
Q

treatment of V fib

A

compressions, epi, DEFIBRILLATION

42
Q

sodium range

A

136 - 145 mEq/L

43
Q

potassium range

A

3.5 - 5 mEq/L

44
Q

calcium range

A

9 - 10.5 mg/dL

45
Q

chloride range

A

98 - 106 mEq/L

46
Q

magnesium range

A

1.8 - 2.6 mEq/L

Complex (38 decks)

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