Neuro 2

Question 1

what does the cerebellum do

Answer 1

Controls voluntary movement, equilibrium, distance, skilled movement

Question 2

what is one of the first good indicators of increased ICP

Answer 2

• LOOK at the EYES
• optic nerve runs through middle of brain good first indicator of Increased ICP
• may see dilated/pinpoint, nystagmus, double vision

Question 3

broca’s area is associated with what

Answer 3

producing language/speech

Question 4

wernicke’s area is associated with what

Answer 4

comprehension of speech/language

language development

Question 5

what is the purpose of the meninges

Answer 5

3 layers of PROTECTION

Question 6

Arachnoid villus

Answer 6

layer in the brain that have a lot of blood flow

Question 7

what is the hypothalamus in charge of

Answer 7

appetite, sleep-wake cycles (RAS) pituitary hormones, emotions and survival drive

Question 8

what can pass the BBB

Answer 8

Can pass is oxygen, alcohol, CO2, anesthetics, glucose, water

Question 9

what cannot pass the BBB

Answer 9

Blood (but can develop from inside), albumin and many antibiotics can not pass up into the brain

Question 10

why are brain infections, viruses, and cancers of the brain so difficult to treat

Answer 10

cannot easily pass through the BBB with antibiotics or chemo

Question 11

injury to C4 or higher will…

Answer 11

WILL NOT be able to BREATHE AT ALL

Question 12

injury to C7-C4

Answer 12

may have resp difficulties and may only be able to move shoulders and upper arms (breathe somewhat but not well)

Question 13

what are the ascending tracts of the brain

Answer 13

(spinal cord to brain)

1) spinothalamic
2) Spinocerebellar
3) Fasciculus

Question 14

describe spinothalamic

Answer 14

*Spinal cord to thalamus

pain, temperature, touch and pressure

Question 15

describe spinocerebellar

Answer 15

• Spinal cord to cerebellum
• Posterior tracts-proprioception
• Anterior tracts-sensory
• Balance, hand eye coordination

Question 16

describe fasciculus

Answer 16

*Posterior white columns to thalamus

sensation from muscles, joints, tendons, vibration, touch and two point discrimination

Question 17

what are the descending tracts of the brain

Answer 17

• descend into lower motor neurons
  1) Brain to the spinal cord
  2) Lateral corticospinal or pyramidal tract
  3) Extrapyramidal

Question 18

as the neurons exit the brain

Answer 18

As they exit the brain… cords from brain will cross (tumor on R side of brain will have L side deficits)

Question 19

this is often the first sign of alzheimer’s

Answer 19

loss of smell

Question 20

what # on the GCS do you intubate

Answer 20

<8

Question 21

best/normal GCS and worst GCS

Answer 21

normal: 15
worst: 3

Question 22

what are the sections of the GCS

Answer 22

1) Eye movement (not PERRLA, eye OPENING*** when come in or touch pt)
2) Verbal response (alert and thinking, make sense when they talk, follow commands??)
3) Motor response (posturing, pull away from you?)

Question 23

testing these takes care of multiple cranial nerves

Answer 23

Accommodation and eye movement

Question 24

describe storing

Answer 24

• attribution theory: things we learn are attributed to certain “boxes in brain”
• writing and auditory will help remember it better (more ways we can store it, the better you can remember)

Question 25

questions of the mental status exam

Answer 25

What is your name?
What is your mother’s name?
What year is it?
Where are you now?
How old are you?
Where were you born?
What did you have for breakfast?
Who is the President of the United States?
Can you count backward from 100 to 1

Question 26

when is the organ procurement team called on the GCS

Answer 26

required to call at 8 or less than

Question 27

comatose on the GCS if…

Answer 27

8

Question 28

what does no pupil dilation indicate

Answer 28

no oxygenation

Question 29

what do fixed pupils or nonreactive tend to indicate

Answer 29

hemorrhage

*Midbrain involvement by edema hemorrhage

Question 30

pinpoint pupils can indicate what

Answer 30

drug induced?

Question 31

one eye dilated

Answer 31

Herniation, brain stem damage, increased ICP, bleed

Question 32

bilateral dilation

Answer 32

Cardiac arrest, anticholinergic poisioning

Question 33

brain is a box comprised of 3 sections…

Answer 33

1) Blood maintained by the vessels
2) CSF
3) Brain parenchyma

Question 34

monro kellie doctrine states what

Answer 34

the volume of the intracranium is = to the volume of the intravascular blood (3-10%) + CSF (8-12%) + volume of brain tissue (80% water).

Question 35

As long as the ________ is constant, the ICP is constant

Answer 35

intracranial volume