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Complex > Renal 1 > Flashcards

Renal 1 Flashcards

1
Q

main function of the kidneys

A
  1. Filter and remove waste products

2. Regulate BP, fluid and acid/base balance

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2
Q

what is the glomerular filtration rate

A

about 120-140ml/min of plasma is filtered at the glomerulus and passes into the Bowman capsule.

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3
Q

GFR is related to…

A

GFR is related to the perfusion pressure of the glomerular capillaries

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4
Q

this is the functioning unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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5
Q

how many nephrons in a kidney

A
  • 1 million nephrons in each
  • Cortical nephrons- 85%
  • Juxtamedullary nephrons- work to concentrate urine
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6
Q

the glomerulus is supplied by…

A

supplied by the Afferent Arteriole

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7
Q

the glomerulus is drained by…

A

drained by the Efferent Arteriole

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8
Q

these control renal blood flow

A

Macula Densa cells

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9
Q

what are the blood vessels in the kidneys

A
  1. Renal Arteries- off of the abdominal aorta
  2. Renal veins- empty into the SVC
  3. Glomerular capillaries and arterioles
  4. Other arteries- interlobar and arcuate
  5. Other capillaries- peritubular and vasa recta
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10
Q

what does renin trigger

A

water consumption through sodium

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11
Q

what triggers the renin-aldosterone-angiotensin response

A

juxtaglomerular kidney cells, which sense changes in renal perfusion pressure

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12
Q

how much blood flow goes to the kidneys

A

1/4 of total blood

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13
Q

the glomerulus regulates

A

blood pressure

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14
Q

what is blood flow determined by?

how much blood flow in body?

A

GFR

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15
Q

in shock what happens to the GFR

A

GFR is decreased with triggers a release of epi, norepi and renin system

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16
Q

is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as systemic vascular resistance

A

RAAS (renin-angiotensin–aldosterone system)

17
Q

what is the RAAS stimulated by

A

Stimulated by low blood pressure or certain nerve impulses (e.g. in stressful situations), the kidneys release an enzyme called renin.

18
Q

normal isotonic fluid is

A

270-300 mL

19
Q

in renal failure pt what happens to them metabolically

A

become ACIDODIC (metabolic acidosis is RENAL FAILURE)

20
Q

describe the distal tubes in the nephron

A

Distal tube has fluid (urea, nitrogen based products, K, and hydrogen ions) from lymph coming in

21
Q

how do healthy kidneys prevent acidocis

A

(kidneys release hydrogen ions)

22
Q

goal of Renal Blood Flow regulation

A

regulate bp with GFR

23
Q

As arterial pressure drops

A

the stretch on the afferent arteriolar wall decreases and the arteriole relaxes leading to an INCREASE in Renal Blood Flow

24
Q

As the arterial pressure increases

A

the arteriole contracts and leads to a DECREASE in Renal Blood Flow

25
Q

As the flow rate and NACL concentration decreases at the Macula Densa of the juxtaglomerular cells, the afferent arterioles constrict and the GFR decreases…

A

this is the Tubuloglomerular feedback

**release of RENIN

26
Q

how much urine should a healthy person expel and what color should it be

A
  • Urine is clear yellow or amber in color

* *Amount: 1-3 L/day or 30ml/hour

27
Q

If urine output drops to less than 400/day…

A

oliguric and no urine output is anuric

28
Q

what is a normal urine pH and S.G.

A
  • pH is 4.6 to 8.0, normally acidic to prevent bacteria from adhering
  • S. G. is 1.001-1.035
29
Q

these things should NOT be in the urine

A

Should not contain Glucose (but B.S. above 220mg/dl will show), Blood, bilirubin, ketones, protein, bacteria

30
Q

this increases water permeability and reabsorption

A

ADH

31
Q

describe ADH

A
  • pituitary releases it as vasopressin

- prevents from diuresing too much

32
Q

if too much ADH…

A

oliguric (less than 400 ml/day)

33
Q

if too little ADH..

A
  • diabetes insipidus

- diuresis, increase in water excretion (urinate a lot of clear urine)

34
Q

Distal tubule received the hypoosmotic urine from the ascending loop, concentration is controlled by

A

ADH

35
Q

stimulates the bone marrow to produce RBC’s in response to tissue hypoxia to the kidneys

A

Erythropoietin

36
Q

erythropoeitin also activates what vitamin

A

activates vitamin D (to store and absorb calcium)

37
Q

d/t the renal hormone erythropoetin, if kidneys are NOT working, pt is at chance of developing what

A

anemia (since it normally stimulates RBC production)

38
Q

how much sodium should be excreted in urine in 24 hrs

A

100-260 mEq/24 hr

39
Q

how much potassium should be excreted in urine in 24 hrs

A

25-100 mEq/24 hr

Complex (38 decks)

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