respiratory 1 Flashcards

1
Q

watchdog of the lungs

A

larynx-vocalization is main job, but it protects the lungs from foreign objects and facilitates coughing

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2
Q

Left lung has _____ lobes

A

2

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3
Q

Right lung has ____ lobes

A

3

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4
Q

Ventilation is:

A

the movement of air in and out of the lungs

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5
Q

Respiration is

A

the process of gas exchange between the air and the blood and between the blood and the cells of the body

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6
Q

Compliance is

A

the elasticity and expandability of the lungs and thoracic structures

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7
Q

Stridor

A

high pitched sound (typically on inspiration) that is caused by breathing through a partially blocked upper airway

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8
Q

Clubbing of the fingers

A

sign of lung disease-chronic hypoxia

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9
Q

temporary pauses of breathing

A

apnea

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10
Q

Barrel Chest

A

over inflation of the lungs; hallmark sign of emphysema and COPD

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11
Q

Cheyne-Stoke’s Respirations

A

Regular cycle where the rate and depth increase then decrease until apnea-which can last about 20 seconds; r/t heart failure and damage to respiratory center

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12
Q

Biot’s Respiration

A

Periods of normal breathing (3-4 breaths) followed by varying periods of apnea (10-60 seconds); can also be called Ataxic breathing; r/t respiratory depression-OD or brain injury

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13
Q

Rhonci

A

Low pitched, snoring sound-r/t secretions (pneumonia)

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14
Q

Wheezes

A

high pitched, musical sounds; asthma

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15
Q

Pleural Friction Rub

A

low pitched rubbing or grating sound; inflammation and loss of lubricating pleural fluid

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16
Q

tidal volume

A

volume of each breath

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17
Q

minute ventilation

A

volume of air exchanged per minute- helps in detecting respiratory failure

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18
Q

Aphonia

A

loss of the voice

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19
Q

Signs of acute laryngitis

A

aphonia, hoarseness, and severe cough

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20
Q

Epistaxis

A

Hemorrhage from the nose/nose bleed

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21
Q

early sign of laryngeal cancer

A

hoarseness

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22
Q

if a pt aspirates, consider completing a

A

swallow test

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23
Q

Normal amount of fluid in the lungs is

A

10mL

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24
Q

Which receptors assist the brain in controlling the respiratory center?

A

chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, proprioreceptors

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25
Q

If the trachea is shifted, there is a possibility the pt has

A

a pneumothorax

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26
Q

With epistaxis, the pt is at risk for

A

hypovolemia, anemia, and aspiration

27
Q

Rebound congestion (medicamentosa) is caused by

A

overusing nasal decongestants

28
Q

atelectasis

A

alveolar collapse

29
Q

what do alveoli secrete to prevent collapse?

A

surfactant

30
Q

oxygenated blood from lungs

A

pulmonary vein

31
Q

signs of difficult breathing

A

retractions/accessory muscle use, nasal flaring, head bobbing, grunting

32
Q

Capnography

A

measures concentration of carbon dioxide in exhaled air; critically ill pts or sedated pts

33
Q

1 protector against disease

A

handwashing

34
Q

complication of ng tube

A

sinus infection

35
Q

1st step when pt is having difficulty breathing

A

elevate the head of the bed

36
Q

The fluid from a thoracentesis will be tested with

A

cytology, glucose, culture and sensitivity, gram stain

37
Q

If a pt shows this symptom with sinusitis, it is a serious indicator of possible brain infection

A

periorbital edema

38
Q

With laryngitis, educate your pt to be on

A

vocal rest

39
Q

If the O2 sat of your pt decreases while on Bipap, check

A

seal of the mask, make sure there are no gaps

40
Q

Ways to help with sleep apnea

A

weight loss, no alcohol, no sedatives

41
Q

High resp rate with low O2

A

Call Rapid Response!!

42
Q

How to promote sinus drainage

A

increase fluids, raise head of the bed, warm compress

43
Q

Funnel Chest

A

breast bone sinks into chest, can effect both heart and lungs ability to pump effectively

44
Q

Nuchal rigidity

A

neck stiffness; can be neurological and from chronic sinusitis; possibly life threatening as it can be a sign of meningitis

45
Q

How can alcohol withdrawal be life threatening?

A

can cause respiratory issues, delirium, and tremors

46
Q

What type of assessment should be completed for someone with respiratory issues?

A

Nutritional assessment (albumin, glucose, protein, and electrolytes) as malnutrition can cause further difficulty with respiratory system

47
Q

Sputum sample

A

no spitting, first thing in the morning. Deep breath and cough to obtain specimen

48
Q

potential complications of tonsillectomy

A

infection, hemorrhage, airway obstruction due to swelling

49
Q

Nasal cannula maxes out at

50
Q

Fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2)

A

percent of gas that is oxygen

51
Q

FIO2 of room air

52
Q

Nonrebreather mask

A

for non-stable patients; more than 5L/min and more than 90% FIO2 (low flow)

53
Q

Simple face mask

A

> 5L/min, 40-60% FIO2; short term use (low flow)

54
Q

Venturi Mask

A

Variable L/min; precise % FIO2
(high flow)

55
Q

High flow nasal cannula

A

humidifies and warms; 30-60L/min

56
Q

CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)

A

used for sleep apnea; 1 setting for inhale and exhale

57
Q

BIPAP (bilevel positive airway pressure)

A

2 different settings for inhale and exhale

58
Q

Endotracheal tube

A

Artificial airway for when pts can’t protect their own; hooked to mechanical ventilator

59
Q

After placing ET tube,

A

check for equal breath sounds to ensure the tube is not down one bronchi or the other

60
Q

Gas exchange occurs at

A

alveoli; oxygen into blood, CO2 into alveoli

61
Q

Diminished breath sounds

A

quiet, shallow or restricted

62
Q

Crackles

A

popping; air moving through mucus, fluid or pus

63
Q

Best way to determine oxygenation

A

ABG; arterial line or blood draw

64
Q

Continuous oxygen measurement with