Respiration > H.L Flashcards
Yeast produce produce alcohol (ethanol) in a process called
Fermentation
Which substance did the yeast make alcohol
Glucose
Optimum temperature for fermentation to take place
30 degrees Celsius
How to maintain a constant temperature
Place in waterbath
How did u know fermentation was finished
No bubbles of CO2 left
How did I test for the presence of alcohol
Add potassium and sodium hypochlorite and heat to 55 degrees Celsius
Color of the Positive result
Pale yellow crystals in a clear solution
How to u ensure reactants are maintained at a constant pH
Using a buffer solution
How to u ensure reactants are maintained at a constant temperature
Using a waterbath
Products used during termination to make alcohol
Ethanol
Co2
What fest did u use to confirm the presence of alcohol
Potassium iodine
Sodium hypochlorite
If there are 6 carbon atoms, what is the compound?
Glucose
If there are 3 carbon atoms, what is the compound?
Pyruvic acid
If there are 2 carbon atoms, what is the compound?
Acetyl co. A
Aerobic respiration occurs in the
Cytosol and mitochondria
Glycolysis is a
Anaerobic respiration
What releases more energy than aerobic respiration
Fermentation
What does ADP require to produce ATP
An input of energy
NAD
Nicotinomid adenine dinucleotide
Two types of particles transferred by NAD
Protons and electrons
3-carbon molecule in both aerobic and anaerobic
Pyruvic acid
Biochemical pathway which this compound is produced
Glycolysis
Muscles
Lactic acid
Yeast
Ethonal
Co2
Balanced equation
C6H12O6 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Storage location in humans from which glucose is produced
Glycogen
Major storage location of glycogen
Liver
What happens to pyruvate molecules that prepare them for the Krebs cycle
Pyruvate enger the mitochondrion and lose co2 molecule to form 2 carbon molecule called Acetyl co. A
What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
The low energy electrons at the at the end of the transport chain and passed to a proton, which combines with o2 to form h2o
Cytosol
Cytoplasm without organelles
When does fermentation kick in
Lack of oxygen due to unfitness
End products of anaerobic respiration
Lactic acid
Carbon dioxide
Water
In anaerobic respiration, pyruvic acid forms
Ethanol and co2
Lactic acid
How is lactic acid formed from NADH
2 NADH break down into 2 protons and 2 electrons + pyruvic acid
Where does anaerobic respiration occur
Only in the cytosol
What happens to the energy not used up in the production of ATP
It is lost as heat
Name stage one and two of aerobic respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Stage one requires
No oxygen
Site of stage 1
Cytosol
How is ATP formed
ADP + P and energy from glucose
Products of glycolysis
Pyruvic acid
Small amount of energy
Sure of stage 2
Mitochondria
Stage 2 requires
Oxygen
What is pyruvate broken down into in Krebs cycle
Molecule of co2 and 2 carbon molecules
What is the name of the carbon molecules in the Krebs cycle
Acetyl co A
How is NADH formed
Hydrogen ions + electrons are released and combine with NAD+
What are transported to the electron transport system
High energy electrons
What does pyruvic acid lose in stage 2
Co2 molecule
2 high energy electrons
What enter an electron transport system
NADH
Krebs cycle requires
Oxygen
What does acetyl co A go through in the Krebs cycle
Mitochondrion and a series of reactions
Site of electron transport system
Cristae (folds) of mitochondria
What does the ETS produce
Large amounts of ATP
What does ETS require
Oxygen
