Fungi Flashcards
Name the five kingdoms
Monera Fungi Protista Plants Animals
What’s involved in Fungi
Rhizopus
Yeast
Part of Protista
Ameoba
Mycology
Study of fungi
Fungi characteristics
Hereotrophic - no chlorophyll Reproduce spore Made of threads called hyphae Cell walls are made of chitin Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic
Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Chitin
Cellulose of a plant + a complex polysaccharide
Mycelium
Hyphae combined with masses
Fungi are either
Parasitic
Saprophytic
Parasitic
Athletes foot
Living
Saprophytic
Mushroom Rhizopus Dead Obtain nutrients from dead material Decomposes
Symbiosis
Two species living in close association and have a relationship involving benefit
Eg of symbiosis
Lichen
Lichen
An organism - combination of fungus and Alga
Indicator species of pollution
Poisonous fungi eg
Destroying angel
Rhizopus
Thread like structures called Hypha
Haploid
Aseptate (No cross walls)
Stolon
Horizontal hypha
Colonises food
Rhizoids
Secrets enzymes and absorb digested food
Sporongiophores
Stalk of sporongium
Vertical
Hold sporongium which produce spores
Columella
Supplies nutrients to the developing spores
What inhibits growth of yeast
Cyanide
Life cycle of a rhizopus (ASEXUAL)
- Hyphae grow up from the bread
- Form sporongiophores
- Too swells to form sporongium
- Mitosis happens
- Haploid spores are formed
- Sporangium dries up and opens
- Spores release
- Spores land of substrate and grow again
Life cycle of rhizopus
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Plus and minus strain
Hyphae from opposite strain can grow close together
Swellings grow from both strains (progametangia)
Nucleus move into swellings (gametangia)
Walls dissolve and fertilization takes place forming the diploid zygote nuclei
Zygospore forms around the nuclei
Zygospore germinates by meiosis
Hypha grows out of the zygospore and produces a sporangium at the top - opens releasing haploid spores which grow into new individuals
What triggers sexual reproduction
Dehydration/ when conditions are not right
Progametangia
Swellings that grow from both strains
Gametangia
When the nucleus moves into the swellings
Zygospore germinates by..
Meiosis
Yeast
Oval shape Thin cell wall - chitin 1 large vacuole Respite anaerobically (without oxygen) Reproduce by budding
Another word for anaerobic respiration
Fermentation
What is glucose broken down by and what does it make
Yeast
It makes ethonal and carbon dioxide
What does a cell nucleus divide by
Mitosis
Beneficial fungi
Yeast can make bread and alcohol
Fungi can be used as a good source - mushrooms
Harmful fungi
Attack’s crops - patato blight
Spoil food - rhizopus grows on bread
Sterile
All microorganisms are destroyed
Aseptic
All pathogenic microorganisms are destroyed
Pathogenic
Disease causing organisms
Budding
- A small extension is formed on one cell
- This bud enlarges and is filled with cytoplasm
- Cell nucleus divides by mitosis
- One daughter nuclei enters the bud
- Bud enlarges and pinches off
Swellings
Progametangia
