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Biology - 6th Year > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the five kingdoms

A 
Monera 
Fungi 
Protista
Plants
Animals
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2
Q

What’s involved in Fungi

A

Rhizopus

Yeast

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3
Q

Part of Protista

A

Ameoba

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4
Q

Mycology

A

Study of fungi

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5
Q

Fungi characteristics

A 
Hereotrophic - no chlorophyll 
Reproduce spore 
Made of threads called hyphae 
Cell walls are made of chitin 
Eukaryotic
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6
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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7
Q

Chitin

A

Cellulose of a plant + a complex polysaccharide

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8
Q

Mycelium

A

Hyphae combined with masses

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9
Q

Fungi are either

A

Parasitic

Saprophytic

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10
Q

Parasitic

A

Athletes foot

Living

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11
Q

Saprophytic

A 
Mushroom
Rhizopus 
Dead
Obtain nutrients from dead material
Decomposes
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12
Q

Symbiosis

A

Two species living in close association and have a relationship involving benefit

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13
Q

Eg of symbiosis

A

Lichen

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14
Q

Lichen

A

An organism - combination of fungus and Alga

Indicator species of pollution

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15
Q

Poisonous fungi eg

A

Destroying angel

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16
Q

Rhizopus

A

Thread like structures called Hypha
Haploid
Aseptate (No cross walls)

17
Q

Stolon

A

Horizontal hypha

Colonises food

18
Q

Rhizoids

A

Secrets enzymes and absorb digested food

19
Q

Sporongiophores

A

Stalk of sporongium
Vertical
Hold sporongium which produce spores

20
Q

Columella

A

Supplies nutrients to the developing spores

21
Q

What inhibits growth of yeast

A

Cyanide

22
Q

Life cycle of a rhizopus (ASEXUAL)

A
  • Hyphae grow up from the bread
  • Form sporongiophores
  • Too swells to form sporongium
  • Mitosis happens
  • Haploid spores are formed
  • Sporangium dries up and opens
  • Spores release
  • Spores land of substrate and grow again
23
Q

Life cycle of rhizopus

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

A

Plus and minus strain
Hyphae from opposite strain can grow close together
Swellings grow from both strains (progametangia)
Nucleus move into swellings (gametangia)
Walls dissolve and fertilization takes place forming the diploid zygote nuclei
Zygospore forms around the nuclei
Zygospore germinates by meiosis
Hypha grows out of the zygospore and produces a sporangium at the top - opens releasing haploid spores which grow into new individuals

24
Q

What triggers sexual reproduction

A

Dehydration/ when conditions are not right

25
Q

Progametangia

A

Swellings that grow from both strains

26
Q

Gametangia

A

When the nucleus moves into the swellings

27
Q

Zygospore germinates by..

A

Meiosis

28
Q

Yeast

A 
Oval shape
Thin cell wall - chitin
1 large vacuole 
Respite anaerobically (without oxygen)
Reproduce by budding
29
Q

Another word for anaerobic respiration

A

Fermentation

30
Q

What is glucose broken down by and what does it make

A

Yeast

It makes ethonal and carbon dioxide

31
Q

What does a cell nucleus divide by

A

Mitosis

32
Q

Beneficial fungi

A

Yeast can make bread and alcohol

Fungi can be used as a good source - mushrooms

33
Q

Harmful fungi

A

Attack’s crops - patato blight

Spoil food - rhizopus grows on bread

34
Q

Sterile

A

All microorganisms are destroyed

35
Q

Aseptic

A

All pathogenic microorganisms are destroyed

36
Q

Pathogenic

A

Disease causing organisms

37
Q

Budding

A
  • A small extension is formed on one cell
  • This bud enlarges and is filled with cytoplasm
  • Cell nucleus divides by mitosis
  • One daughter nuclei enters the bud
  • Bud enlarges and pinches off
38
Q

Swellings

A

Progametangia

Biology - 6th Year (21 decks)

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