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Biology - 6th Year > Monera 1: > Flashcards

Monera 1: Flashcards

1
Q

What kingdom to bacteria belong to

A

Monera

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2
Q

Bacteria are..

A

Unicellular

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3
Q

Prokaryotes

A

No nucleus or membrane bound organelles

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4
Q

Three shakes of bacteria

A

Round
Rod
Spiral

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5
Q

Round

A

Cocci

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6
Q

Rod

A

Bacillus

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7
Q

Spiral

A

Spirillum

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8
Q

What do spiral bacteria cause

A

Pneumonia

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9
Q

Rod bacteria cause

A

Anthrax

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10
Q

E.coli

A

Escherichia coli

Lives in human gut

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11
Q

Spiral bacteria causes

A

Syphilis

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12
Q

What does bacteria need

A

Protection

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13
Q

What is a plasmid in bacteria

A

Circular piece of dna

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14
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Contains ribosomes and storage granules

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15
Q

Capusule

A

Protection

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16
Q

Flagella

A

Movement

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17
Q

Cell wall

A

Shape
Structure
Protection

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18
Q

When is the plasmid used

A

Genetic engineering

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19
Q

How to bacteria reproduce

A

Asexually

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20
Q

Bacteria reproduction is called

A

Binary fission

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21
Q

Explain what happens during BINARY FISSION

A
  1. DNA is replicated
  2. Cell elongates and the two DNA seperate
  3. Cell wall grows inward to divide the cell in two
  4. Two identical daughter cells are formed
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22
Q

Monera can be both of..

A

Autotrophic or heterotrophic

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23
Q

Photosynthetic bacteria

A

Use light energy to make food

24
Q

Chemosynthetic bacteria

A

Use energy from chemical reactions to make food

25
Eh of chemosynthetic bacteria
Nitrifying bacteria that convert ammonia to nitrates in the nitrogen cycle
26
Saprophytic bacteria
Live off dead organic matter
27
Parasitic bacteria
Feed off living things
28
Parasitic bacteria cause..
Anthrax
29
Ex of autotrophic bacteria
Photosynthetic | Chemosynthetic
30
Ex of heterotrophic bacteria
Saprophytic | Parasitic
31
What happens to enzymes when conditions are not suitable
Denatured
32
Factors affecting growth of bacteria
Temperature pH Pressure Oxygen concentration
33
Factors that slow down the process of bacteria growth are called..
Limiting factors
34
Temp bacteria grow well at
Between 20-30 deg C
35
High temps cause enzymes to be
Denatured
36
Unsuitable pH will cause enzymes to be
Denatured
37
Aerobic bacteria
Require oxygen for respiration
38
Anaerobic respiration
Do not require energy to respire
39
Facultative anaerobes
Can respire with or without oxygen (e.coli)
40
Obligate anaerobes
Can only respire in the absence of oxygen
41
What does Obligate anaerobes cause
Tetanus
42
What can bacteria gain or loose water by
Osmosis
43
What does bacteria form in unfavorable conditions
Endoscopes
44
Endospore formation
1. Bacterial DNA replicates 2. Cell shrink and rounds up 3. Form a thick wall around DNA Parent cell breaks down and the endospore remains dormant 4. When conditions are favorable, the endospore absorb water, break their walls and reproduce by binary fission
45
G M O
Genetically modified organisms
46
Beneficial bacteria
- Antibiotics can be formed by some microorganisms - Bacteria in the colon help to produce vitamins B and K - Bacteria are active in the carbon and nitrogen cycle and act as decomposers
47
Harmful bacteria
Pathogenic bacteria can cause diseases in animals and humans Food spoilage Tooth decay
48
Eg of pathogenic bacteria
Tubuerculosis
49
Bacteria’s offspring are
Genetically identical
50
Bacteria’s lifecycle is
Short
51
How does bacteria evolve to new antibiotics
New mutations
52
Antibiotics
Chemicals produced by micro organisms that stop the forth of other microorganisms without damaging human tissue
53
There are no cells in
Viruses
54
Antibiotics are used to control
Bacterial and fungal infections
55
Antibiotics do not effect
Viruses and
56
Who invented penicillin
Sir Alexander Fleming
57
How are antibiotics produced
By genetically engineering bacteria

Biology - 6th Year (21 decks)

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