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Biology - 6th Year > Monera 1: > Flashcards

Monera 1: Flashcards

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1
Q

What kingdom to bacteria belong to

A

Monera

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2
Q

Bacteria are..

A

Unicellular

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3
Q

Prokaryotes

A

No nucleus or membrane bound organelles

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4
Q

Three shakes of bacteria

A

Round
Rod
Spiral

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5
Q

Round

A

Cocci

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6
Q

Rod

A

Bacillus

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7
Q

Spiral

A

Spirillum

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8
Q

What do spiral bacteria cause

A

Pneumonia

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9
Q

Rod bacteria cause

A

Anthrax

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10
Q

E.coli

A

Escherichia coli

Lives in human gut

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11
Q

Spiral bacteria causes

A

Syphilis

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12
Q

What does bacteria need

A

Protection

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13
Q

What is a plasmid in bacteria

A

Circular piece of dna

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14
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Contains ribosomes and storage granules

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15
Q

Capusule

A

Protection

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16
Q

Flagella

A

Movement

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17
Q

Cell wall

A

Shape
Structure
Protection

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18
Q

When is the plasmid used

A

Genetic engineering

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19
Q

How to bacteria reproduce

A

Asexually

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20
Q

Bacteria reproduction is called

A

Binary fission

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21
Q

Explain what happens during BINARY FISSION

A
  1. DNA is replicated
  2. Cell elongates and the two DNA seperate
  3. Cell wall grows inward to divide the cell in two
  4. Two identical daughter cells are formed
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22
Q

Monera can be both of..

A

Autotrophic or heterotrophic

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23
Q

Photosynthetic bacteria

A

Use light energy to make food

24
Q

Chemosynthetic bacteria

A

Use energy from chemical reactions to make food

25
Q

Eh of chemosynthetic bacteria

A

Nitrifying bacteria that convert ammonia to nitrates in the nitrogen cycle

26
Q

Saprophytic bacteria

A

Live off dead organic matter

27
Q

Parasitic bacteria

A

Feed off living things

28
Q

Parasitic bacteria cause..

A

Anthrax

29
Q

Ex of autotrophic bacteria

A

Photosynthetic

Chemosynthetic

30
Q

Ex of heterotrophic bacteria

A

Saprophytic

Parasitic

31
Q

What happens to enzymes when conditions are not suitable

A

Denatured

32
Q

Factors affecting growth of bacteria

A

Temperature
pH
Pressure
Oxygen concentration

33
Q

Factors that slow down the process of bacteria growth are called..

A

Limiting factors

34
Q

Temp bacteria grow well at

A

Between 20-30 deg C

35
Q

High temps cause enzymes to be

A

Denatured

36
Q

Unsuitable pH will cause enzymes to be

A

Denatured

37
Q

Aerobic bacteria

A

Require oxygen for respiration

38
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Do not require energy to respire

39
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Can respire with or without oxygen (e.coli)

40
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Can only respire in the absence of oxygen

41
Q

What does Obligate anaerobes cause

A

Tetanus

42
Q

What can bacteria gain or loose water by

A

Osmosis

43
Q

What does bacteria form in unfavorable conditions

A

Endoscopes

44
Q

Endospore formation

A
  1. Bacterial DNA replicates
  2. Cell shrink and rounds up
  3. Form a thick wall around DNA
    Parent cell breaks down and the endospore remains dormant
  4. When conditions are favorable, the endospore absorb water, break their walls and reproduce by binary fission
45
Q

G M O

A

Genetically modified organisms

46
Q

Beneficial bacteria

A
  • Antibiotics can be formed by some microorganisms
  • Bacteria in the colon help to produce vitamins B and K
  • Bacteria are active in the carbon and nitrogen cycle and act as decomposers
47
Q

Harmful bacteria

A

Pathogenic bacteria can cause diseases in animals and humans

Food spoilage

Tooth decay

48
Q

Eg of pathogenic bacteria

A

Tubuerculosis

49
Q

Bacteria’s offspring are

A

Genetically identical

50
Q

Bacteria’s lifecycle is

A

Short

51
Q

How does bacteria evolve to new antibiotics

A

New mutations

52
Q

Antibiotics

A

Chemicals produced by micro organisms that stop the forth of other microorganisms without damaging human tissue

53
Q

There are no cells in

A

Viruses

54
Q

Antibiotics are used to control

A

Bacterial and fungal infections

55
Q

Antibiotics do not effect

A

Viruses and

56
Q

Who invented penicillin

A

Sir Alexander Fleming

57
Q

How are antibiotics produced

A

By genetically engineering bacteria

Biology - 6th Year (21 decks)

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