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Biology - 6th Year > Excretion > Flashcards

Excretion Flashcards

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1
Q

Excrétion

A

Removal of waste products of metabolism from the body

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2
Q

Egestion

A

Removed of unused, unwanted, unabsorbed food

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a constant internal environment within the body

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4
Q

What part of the brain controls homeostasis

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

What goes into the kidneys

A

Water
Uric acid
Urea

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6
Q

Location of kidneys

A

Back if abdominal cavity

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7
Q

What do kidneys do

A

Excretion

Osmoregulation

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8
Q

Osmoregulation

A

Régulation of water and salt concentration in blood

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9
Q

What do the kidneys produce

A

Urine

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10
Q

What is the Kinsey composed of

A

Water salts and urea

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11
Q

Ureters

A

Connect kidneys to bladder

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12
Q

Bladder

A

Stores urine

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13
Q

Urethra

A

Releases urine to outside

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14
Q

What is the structural and functional unit of the kidneys

A

The nephron

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15
Q

How many nephrons in each kidney

A

1 million

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16
Q

Stages of blood supply in the nephron

A 
Afférent artériole
Glomerulus 
Efférent arteriole 
To renal vein
To the bladder
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17
Q

Where is the nephron located

A

Cortex and medulla

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18
Q

Where does blood enter the kidney

A

Through the renal artery

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19
Q

Where is the glomerulus found

A

Bowmans capsule

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20
Q

Where does blood leave the glomerulus

A

Efferent arteriole

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21
Q

Active transport

A

Energy is used to move molecules, often against a concentration gradient

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22
Q

Adaptations of convoluted tubule

A

Thin walled - one cell thick

Long - gives time for réabsorption

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23
Q

K

A

Potassium

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24
Q

Deamination

A

Excess amino acids are broken down to make urea

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25
Q

What is the concentration of the blood monitored by

A

Hypothalamus

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26
Q

Is blood is too salty

A
  • ADH is released from pituitary
  • Travels in blood stream to distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct
  • Walls become more permeable
  • Water is then reabsorbed into the body
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27
Q

What is completely absorbed in reabsorbtion

A

Glucose

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28
Q

Keratin

A

Waterproof protein in the epidermis

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29
Q

Melanin

A

Pigment which gives colour to the skin

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30
Q

Collagen

A

Strenghtens protein in thé dermis

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31
Q

Sebum

A

Oil produced in the sebaceous glands that prevents skin from cracking

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32
Q

Where is vitamin d produced

A

The skin

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33
Q

Food store in skin

A

Fat

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34
Q

What influences the rate of enzyme controlled reactions

A

Temperature

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35
Q

Endotherms

A

Their source of heat is internal

Eg mammals

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36
Q

Ectotherms

A

Body temp varies with external temp

Eg reptiles

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37
Q

Dilate

A

Gets wider

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38
Q

What happens if temp rises

A

Blood vessels dilate

Glands release sweat on skin surface

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39
Q

Narrowing of blood vessels

A

Vasoconstriction

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40
Q

What happens if temp drops

A

Hairs stand up

Vessels narrow

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41
Q

Hairs stands up

A

Piloerection

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42
Q

Unit of filtration

A

Nephron

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43
Q

Adaptions of glomerulus for filtration

A

Many capillaries
Thin wall
large surface area

44
Q

What process absorbs amino acid and glucose back into the blood

A

Active transport and diffusion

45
Q

Water is reabsorbed by

A

Osmosis

46
Q

Adaptions if convoluted tubule for réabsorption

A

High concentration of mitochondria to provide energy for active transport
Thin walled
Long

47
Q

What is ADH produced in response to

A

High level of salt in blood

Low water levels

48
Q

What happens to blood plasma when we dont drink enough water

A

Becomes too concentrated

49
Q

Structural and functional role of kidneys

A

Nephron

50
Q

Location of the nephron

A

Cortex and medulla

51
Q

How many nephrons in each kidney

A

One million

52
Q

Where does blood enter kidney

A

Through renal artery

53
Q

What do the efferent artérioles divide to form

A

Cluster of capillaries

54
Q

What is the cluster of capillaires in the bowmans capsule called

A

Glomérulus

55
Q

How does blood leave the glomerulus

A

Efferent artériole

56
Q

What contrains blood with waste products in the nephron

A

Afférent arteriole

57
Q

What does glomerular filtrate contain

A 
Water
Amino acids
Salit
Urea
Glucose
58
Q

What substances are too big to be filtrantes out of the blood and remain

A

Proteins
White blood cells
Hormones

59
Q

What are useful products for réabsorption

A

Water and salts

60
Q

What are reabsorbed blood and into the nephron

A

Water and salts

61
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule contains

A

Water reabsorbed by osmosis

62
Q

How do glucose, amino acids and vitamins pass from the filtrate into the capillaries

A

By active transport and diffusion

63
Q

What passes from the filtrate into capillaries by active transport and diffusion

A

Glucose
Amino acids
Vitamins

64
Q

What happens in the loop and henle and the distal convoluted tubule

A

More water and salts are reabsorbed

65
Q

What passes from the collecting duct to the ureter

A

Urine

66
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a constant internal environment within the body

67
Q

Osmoregulation

A

The regulation of water and salt concentration in the body

68
Q

Osmosis is

A

Passive

69
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of WATER from an area of LOW concentration across a semipermeable membrane n

70
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of MOLECULES from an area of high concentration to and area of low con

71
Q

Active transport

A

Energy is used to move molecules against a concentration gradient

72
Q

Adaptions of the proximal convoluted tubule

A 
Thin walled (allows substances to move quicker)
High concentration of mitochondria (provides energy for active transport)
73
Q

What is the role of secretion ions

A

Moved into the blood to filtrate

74
Q

K

A

Potassium

75
Q

H

A

Hydrogen

76
Q

Main substance in urine

A

Water

77
Q

Composition of urine

A

Water
Salts
Urea

78
Q

Where is urea made

A

Liver

79
Q

Deamination

A

Excess amino acids are broken down to make urea

80
Q

What is the concentration of blood measured by

A

Hypothalamus

81
Q

What happens if blood is too salty

A

ADH is released from pituitary gland

82
Q

What does ADH cause the distal c.t and collecting duct to become

A

Causes the walls to become more permeable

83
Q

Lots of water in blood

A

ADH production turned off

84
Q

Body low in water

A

Salt concentration in blood increases
Receptors in brain (hypothalamus) triggered
ADH secreted

85
Q

Keratin

A

Waterproof protein in the epidermis

86
Q

What is the name of the pigment that gives color to your skin

A

Melanin

87
Q

Melanin protects skin from

A

UV rays

88
Q

Collagen

A

Strengthening protein in the dermis

89
Q

Sebum

A

Oil produced in sebaceous glands

90
Q

Sebum prevents

A

Skin from cracking

91
Q

What vitamin is produced by skin

A

Vitamin Do

92
Q

Functions of the skin

A

Excretion
Vitamin D production
Sense organ
Protection

93
Q

Temperature influences

A

Rate of enzyme controlled reactions

94
Q

Dilute

A

Gets wider

95
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of blood vessels due to drop in temp

96
Q

Vasoconstriction causes

A

Lack of blood flow to skin

Reduces heat loss

97
Q

ADH

A

Anti diuretic hormone

98
Q

Describe the role of ADH

A

When plasma is too concentrated, the pituitary gland releases ADH -> travels to kidneys

In the kidneys, it cause the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to become more permeable to water (more water is reabsorbed in the nephron)

99
Q

2 structures in the flowering plant which play a role in excretion

A

Lenticels

Stomata

100
Q

Metabolism

A

All chemical reactions in an organism

101
Q

What is the elders used to describe animals that can vary their metabolic rate

A

Endotherms

102
Q

When is metabolism slowed down

A

When temperature varies

103
Q

How does the liver help maintain homeostasis

A

Regulates glucose storage

Produced bile for small intestine

104
Q

How does the lungs help maintain homeostasis

A

Balances gases in our body

105
Q

How does the nephron in kidneys help maintain homeostasis

A

By regulating concentration and volume of fluids in our bodies

Biology - 6th Year (21 decks)

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