Excretion Flashcards
1
Q
Excrétion
A
Removal of waste products of metabolism from the body
2
Q
Egestion
A
Removed of unused, unwanted, unabsorbed food
3
Q
Homeostasis
A
Maintenance of a constant internal environment within the body
4
Q
What part of the brain controls homeostasis
A
hypothalamus
5
Q
What goes into the kidneys
A
Water
Uric acid
Urea
6
Q
Location of kidneys
A
Back if abdominal cavity
7
Q
What do kidneys do
A
Excretion
Osmoregulation
8
Q
Osmoregulation
A
Régulation of water and salt concentration in blood
9
Q
What do the kidneys produce
A
Urine
10
Q
What is the Kinsey composed of
A
Water salts and urea
11
Q
Ureters
A
Connect kidneys to bladder
12
Q
Bladder
A
Stores urine
13
Q
Urethra
A
Releases urine to outside
14
Q
What is the structural and functional unit of the kidneys
A
The nephron
15
Q
How many nephrons in each kidney
A
1 million
16
Q
Stages of blood supply in the nephron
A
Afférent artériole Glomerulus Efférent arteriole To renal vein To the bladder
17
Q
Where is the nephron located
A
Cortex and medulla
18
Q
Where does blood enter the kidney
A
Through the renal artery
19
Q
Where is the glomerulus found
A
Bowmans capsule
20
Q
Where does blood leave the glomerulus
A
Efferent arteriole
21
Q
Active transport
A
Energy is used to move molecules, often against a concentration gradient
22
Q
Adaptations of convoluted tubule
A
Thin walled - one cell thick
Long - gives time for réabsorption
23
Q
K
A
Potassium
24
Q
Deamination
A
Excess amino acids are broken down to make urea
25
What is the concentration of the blood monitored by
Hypothalamus
26
Is blood is too salty
- ADH is released from pituitary
- Travels in blood stream to distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct
- Walls become more permeable
- Water is then reabsorbed into the body
27
What is completely absorbed in reabsorbtion
Glucose
28
Keratin
Waterproof protein in the epidermis
29
Melanin
Pigment which gives colour to the skin
30
Collagen
Strenghtens protein in thé dermis
31
Sebum
Oil produced in the sebaceous glands that prevents skin from cracking
32
Where is vitamin d produced
The skin
33
Food store in skin
Fat
34
What influences the rate of enzyme controlled reactions
Temperature
35
Endotherms
Their source of heat is internal
| Eg mammals
36
Ectotherms
Body temp varies with external temp
| Eg reptiles
37
Dilate
Gets wider
38
What happens if temp rises
Blood vessels dilate
| Glands release sweat on skin surface
39
Narrowing of blood vessels
Vasoconstriction
40
What happens if temp drops
Hairs stand up
| Vessels narrow
41
Hairs stands up
Piloerection
42
Unit of filtration
Nephron
43
Adaptions of glomerulus for filtration
Many capillaries
Thin wall
large surface area
44
What process absorbs amino acid and glucose back into the blood
Active transport and diffusion
45
Water is reabsorbed by
Osmosis
46
Adaptions if convoluted tubule for réabsorption
High concentration of mitochondria to provide energy for active transport
Thin walled
Long
47
What is ADH produced in response to
High level of salt in blood
| Low water levels
48
What happens to blood plasma when we dont drink enough water
Becomes too concentrated
49
Structural and functional role of kidneys
Nephron
50
Location of the nephron
Cortex and medulla
51
How many nephrons in each kidney
One million
52
Where does blood enter kidney
Through renal artery
53
What do the efferent artérioles divide to form
Cluster of capillaries
54
What is the cluster of capillaires in the bowmans capsule called
Glomérulus
55
How does blood leave the glomerulus
Efferent artériole
56
What contrains blood with waste products in the nephron
Afférent arteriole
57
What does glomerular filtrate contain
```
Water
Amino acids
Salit
Urea
Glucose
```
58
What substances are too big to be filtrantes out of the blood and remain
Proteins
White blood cells
Hormones
59
What are useful products for réabsorption
Water and salts
60
What are reabsorbed blood and into the nephron
Water and salts
61
Proximal convoluted tubule contains
Water reabsorbed by osmosis
62
How do glucose, amino acids and vitamins pass from the filtrate into the capillaries
By active transport and diffusion
63
What passes from the filtrate into capillaries by active transport and diffusion
Glucose
Amino acids
Vitamins
64
What happens in the loop and henle and the distal convoluted tubule
More water and salts are reabsorbed
65
What passes from the collecting duct to the ureter
Urine
66
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a constant internal environment within the body
67
Osmoregulation
The regulation of water and salt concentration in the body
68
Osmosis is
Passive
69
Osmosis
Movement of WATER from an area of LOW concentration across a semipermeable membrane n
70
Diffusion
Movement of MOLECULES from an area of high concentration to and area of low con
71
Active transport
Energy is used to move molecules against a concentration gradient
72
Adaptions of the proximal convoluted tubule
```
Thin walled (allows substances to move quicker)
High concentration of mitochondria (provides energy for active transport)
```
73
What is the role of secretion ions
Moved into the blood to filtrate
74
K
Potassium
75
H
Hydrogen
76
Main substance in urine
Water
77
Composition of urine
Water
Salts
Urea
78
Where is urea made
Liver
79
Deamination
Excess amino acids are broken down to make urea
80
What is the concentration of blood measured by
Hypothalamus
81
What happens if blood is too salty
ADH is released from pituitary gland
82
What does ADH cause the distal c.t and collecting duct to become
Causes the walls to become more permeable
83
Lots of water in blood
ADH production turned off
84
Body low in water
Salt concentration in blood increases
Receptors in brain (hypothalamus) triggered
ADH secreted
85
Keratin
Waterproof protein in the epidermis
86
What is the name of the pigment that gives color to your skin
Melanin
87
Melanin protects skin from
UV rays
88
Collagen
Strengthening protein in the dermis
89
Sebum
Oil produced in sebaceous glands
90
Sebum prevents
Skin from cracking
91
What vitamin is produced by skin
Vitamin Do
92
Functions of the skin
Excretion
Vitamin D production
Sense organ
Protection
93
Temperature influences
Rate of enzyme controlled reactions
94
Dilute
Gets wider
95
Vasoconstriction
Narrowing of blood vessels due to drop in temp
96
Vasoconstriction causes
Lack of blood flow to skin
| Reduces heat loss
97
ADH
Anti diuretic hormone
98
Describe the role of ADH
When plasma is too concentrated, the pituitary gland releases ADH -> travels to kidneys
In the kidneys, it cause the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to become more permeable to water (more water is reabsorbed in the nephron)
99
2 structures in the flowering plant which play a role in excretion
Lenticels
| Stomata
100
Metabolism
All chemical reactions in an organism
101
What is the elders used to describe animals that can vary their metabolic rate
Endotherms
102
When is metabolism slowed down
When temperature varies
103
How does the liver help maintain homeostasis
Regulates glucose storage
| Produced bile for small intestine
104
How does the lungs help maintain homeostasis
Balances gases in our body
105
How does the nephron in kidneys help maintain homeostasis
By regulating concentration and volume of fluids in our bodies
