Respiration And Ventilation Flashcards
True or False: Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) at sea level is 760 mmHg x 21% = 159.6 mm Hg
True
What is PaO2 at room air?
95-100 mmHg in a young healthy individual
PaO2 < 90 mmHg is considered?
Hypoxemia (low O2 in the blood)
PaO2 > 100 mmHg is known as?
Hyperoxemia
Describe what is meant by fraction of oxygen in the inspired air (FiO2)?
FiO2 is % of O2 in the air, based on a total of 1.00.
FiO2 of room air is how much?
21%
True or false: supplemental air increases FiO2?
True
When is supplemental oxygen typically prescribed?
When PaO2 < 55 mmHg or SpO2 <88-90%
What does a Normal PaO2 equates to an SpO2 of ?
98%-100% = 90-100 mmHg
Alveolar ventilation means?
Ability to move CO2. From pulmonary circulation and maintain pH
pH indicates concentration of free-floating hydrogen ions within the body
What is normal range for pH?
7.35-7.45
what is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in arterial blood, in healthy individuals?
35-45 mmHg
Hypercapnea
PaCO2 > 45 mmHg
Hypocapnea
PaCO2 < 35mmHg
True or Flase: Removal or retention of CO2 by the respiratory system alters the pH of the body in an inverse relationship.
True.
An ^ in PaCO2 decreases pH and a decrease in PaCO2 ^ pH
What is the normal amount of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)within in arterial blood?
22-28 mEq/L
True or False: removal or retention of HCO3- alters the pH of the body in a direct relationship
True.
^ in HCO3- ions ^ the pH and vice versa
Write the equation that signifies optimal respiration in regards to ventilation and perfusion.
V = Q
What is meant by dead space in the lungs?
Space that is well ventilated but in which no respiration (gas exchange) occurs.
Describe what is meant by a shunt in regards to ventilation and perfusion.
No respiration occurs b/c ventilation abnormality
True or false: Perfusion is gravity dependent.
True
Because perfusion is gravity dependent where is most pulmonary blood found?
Base of the lung in the upright position
What is the Ventilation perfusion ratio (V/Q)?
Pulmonary alveolar ventilation to pulmonary capillary perfusion
What is digital clubbing a sign of ?
Chronic hypoxemia
What test is typically used to diagnose a PE?
V/Q scan (PT contraindicated if patient is to have this done)
List sputum studies.
- Gram stain: category of bacteria (gram-negative or gram-positive)
- Culture and sensitivity: identifies specific bacteria
- Cytology: presence of CA cells in sputum
In early stages of COPD, hypoxemia or Hypercapnea may be observed?
Hypoxemia; later stage hypercapnea is observed
True or False: In COPD, expiratory flow rates are decreased (FEV1)
True (<70% FEV1 and FVC ratio)
COPD patients typically present with _______ chest.
Barrel chest
