Respiration And Ventilation

Question 1

True or False: Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) at sea level is 760 mmHg x 21% = 159.6 mm Hg

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is PaO2 at room air?

Answer 2

95-100 mmHg in a young healthy individual

Question 3

PaO2 < 90 mmHg is considered?

Answer 3

Hypoxemia (low O2 in the blood)

Question 4

PaO2 > 100 mmHg is known as?

Answer 4

Hyperoxemia

Question 5

Describe what is meant by fraction of oxygen in the inspired air (FiO2)?

Answer 5

FiO2 is % of O2 in the air, based on a total of 1.00.

Question 6

FiO2 of room air is how much?

Answer 6

21%

Question 7

True or false: supplemental air increases FiO2?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

When is supplemental oxygen typically prescribed?

Answer 8

When PaO2 < 55 mmHg or SpO2 <88-90%

Question 9

What does a Normal PaO2 equates to an SpO2 of ?

Answer 9

98%-100% = 90-100 mmHg

Question 10

Alveolar ventilation means?

Answer 10

Ability to move CO2. From pulmonary circulation and maintain pH

pH indicates concentration of free-floating hydrogen ions within the body

Question 11

What is normal range for pH?

Answer 11

7.35-7.45

Question 12

what is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in arterial blood, in healthy individuals?

Answer 12

35-45 mmHg

Question 13

Hypercapnea

Answer 13

PaCO2 > 45 mmHg

Question 14

Hypocapnea

Answer 14

PaCO2 < 35mmHg

Question 15

True or Flase: Removal or retention of CO2 by the respiratory system alters the pH of the body in an inverse relationship.

Answer 15

True.

An ^ in PaCO2 decreases pH and a decrease in PaCO2 ^ pH

Question 16

What is the normal amount of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)within in arterial blood?

Answer 16

22-28 mEq/L

Question 17

True or False: removal or retention of HCO3- alters the pH of the body in a direct relationship

Answer 17

True.

^ in HCO3- ions ^ the pH and vice versa

Question 18

Write the equation that signifies optimal respiration in regards to ventilation and perfusion.

Answer 18

V = Q

Question 19

What is meant by dead space in the lungs?

Answer 19

Space that is well ventilated but in which no respiration (gas exchange) occurs.

Question 20

Describe what is meant by a shunt in regards to ventilation and perfusion.

Answer 20

No respiration occurs b/c ventilation abnormality

Question 21

True or false: Perfusion is gravity dependent.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Because perfusion is gravity dependent where is most pulmonary blood found?

Answer 22

Base of the lung in the upright position

Question 23

What is the Ventilation perfusion ratio (V/Q)?

Answer 23

Pulmonary alveolar ventilation to pulmonary capillary perfusion

Question 24

What is digital clubbing a sign of ?

Answer 24

Chronic hypoxemia

Question 25

What test is typically used to diagnose a PE?

Answer 25

V/Q scan (PT contraindicated if patient is to have this done)

Question 26

List sputum studies.

Answer 26

1. Gram stain: category of bacteria (gram-negative or gram-positive)
2. Culture and sensitivity: identifies specific bacteria
3. Cytology: presence of CA cells in sputum

Question 27

In early stages of COPD, hypoxemia or Hypercapnea may be observed?

Answer 27

Hypoxemia; later stage hypercapnea is observed

Question 28

True or False: In COPD, expiratory flow rates are decreased (FEV1)

Answer 28

True (<70% FEV1 and FVC ratio)

Question 29

COPD patients typically present with _______ chest.

Answer 29

Barrel chest