Acute Respiratory Diseases

Question 1

What acute disease in known as an intra-alveolar bacterial infection?

Answer 1

Bacterial pneumonia

Question 2

Where is gram-positive bacteria typically acquired and what is the most common type of gram-positive bacteria?

Answer 2

Acquired in the community

Streptococcal

Question 3

List pertinent findings of bacterial pneumonia.

Answer 3

1. Blood streaked or rusty sputum
2. Increased WBC count
3. Hypoxemia initially progressed to hyper cap early with increased severity

Question 4

How is bacterial pneumonia confirmed ?

Answer 4

CXR

Question 5

This is an interstitial or intra-alveolar inflammatory process caused by viral agents (i.e. influenza).

Answer 5

Viral Pneumonia

Question 6

List some pertinent findings in viral pneumonia.

Answer 6

1. Normal WBC count
2. Dry cough
3. Headache
4. Recent history of upper respiratory infection

Question 7

Aspirated material causes an acute inflammatory reaction within the lungs. This is known as ?

Answer 7

Aspiration pneumonia

Question 8

Aspiration pneumonia is found in what kind of patients?

Answer 8

1. Patients with dysphagia
2. Fixed in neck extension
3. Intoxication
4. Impaired consciousness
5. Recent anesthesia

Question 9

List pertinent findings with aspiration pneumonia.

Answer 9

1. Dry cough that progresses to putrid secretions
2. Cyanosis
3. Wheezes and crackles
4. WBC count shows varying degrees of leukocytosis

Question 10

What is the incubation period for TB?

Answer 10

2-10 weeks

Question 11

How long does TB last?

Answer 11

10 days to 2 weeks

Question 12

What precautions must be followed with TB?

Answer 12

Universal Precautions

Question 13

During the infectious stage of TB, how is the patient medically managed?

Answer 13

Put in negative-pressure room, if they leave the room they have to wear specialized mask to keep from infecting others

Question 14

How long is Tb medication taken for?

Answer 14

3-12 months

Question 15

What are some pertinent findings of TB?

Answer 15

1. Hemoptysis: Blood streaked sputum
2. ^ lymphocytes
3. Hilarious adenopathy: enlargement in lymph nodes surrounding hilum
4. Weight loss

Question 16

What is Pott’s disease (Tb spondylitis)?

Answer 16

Form of spinal T that primarily affects the thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae

Often result in kyphosis

Question 17

Multi system inflammatory disease consisting of granulomas in multiple organs, most often the lungs, skin , lymph nodes, eyes and liver

Answer 17

Sarcoidosis

Question 18

How is the progression of sarcoidosis monitored?

Answer 18

PFTs and 6MWT

Question 19

List the Chronic Obstructive Diseases. (CCRABB)

Answer 19

1. COPD
2. Asthma
3. Cystic Firosis
4. Bronchiectasis
5. RDS (respiratory distress syndrome)
6. Bronchopoulmonary dysplasia

Question 20

Name That Respiratory pathology: Alveolar ollapse in a premature infant resulting from lung immaturity, inadequate level of pulmonary surfactant

Answer 20

Respiratory distress Syndrome (RDS)

Question 21

List restrictive disease (difficulty expanding the lungs: causing reduction in lung volumes; blowing thru straw)

Answer 21

1.