Anatomy + Physiology Of The Respiratory System

Question 1

What does the thorax protect?

Answer 1

• Heart, lungs and other organs

- provides attachment sites for ventilatory muscles and other muscles

Question 2

What makes up the thorax?

Answer 2

• bounded posteriorly by 12 thoracic vertebrae, intervertebral disks and ribs
• anteriorly by the sternum, costal cartilages and ribs
• laterally by ribs

Question 3

Name all 3 parts of the Sternum

Answer 3

1. Manubrium- Superior portion; articulates with the clavicles (@ clavicular notch)
2. Body
3. Xiphoid process - inferior portion of the sternum

Question 4

What makes put the sternal angle (angle of Louis)?

Answer 4

The manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum forming the sternal angle (angle of Louis)

Question 5

Describe the ribs 1-12.

Answer 5

1-7 (True Ribs)

8-10 (false ribs)

11-12 (floating ribs)

Question 6

What ribs down’s articulates with two thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 6

1, 10,11, 12

All the other ribs have a superior and inferior face for articulation with bodies of 2 adjacent thoracic vertebrae

Question 7

What does the superior facet articulate with?

Answer 7

The inferior costal facet of the vertebra numbered one lower

Question 8

What are the principle muscles of inspiration

Answer 8

1. Diaphragm

2. External intercostals

Question 9

Describe the diaphragm

Answer 9

Dome shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity form the abdominal a cavity

Question 10

What does contraction of the diaphragm cause?

Answer 10

Causes the chest to expand longitudinally and the lower ribs to elevate to allow for inspiration

Question 11

Where are the intercostal muscles located?

Answer 11

Between the spaces of the ribs

Question 12

How are the external intercoastals oriented?

Answer 12

oriented obliquely upward and backward from the upper border of one rib to the lower border of the rib above

Question 13

Which way are the internal intercostal muscles oriented?

Answer 13

Oriented obliquely upward and forward from the upper border of one rib to the lower border of the rib Above

Question 14

What does contraction of the intercostal cause?

Answer 14

Elevation of the ribs

Question 15

What does upward movment of the upper ribs increase?

Answer 15

A-P diameter of the chest

Question 16

What does elevation of the lower ribs increases?

Answer 16

The transverse diameter

Question 17

List the accessory muscles of inspairtion

Answer 17

1. SCM
2. Scalenes
3. Pectoralis major (sternocostal portion)
4. Pectoralis minor
5. SA

Question 18

During quiet breathing, describe how exhalation occurs

Answer 18

Results form passive recoil of the lungs and rib cage.

Question 19

What muscles are used during forceful exhalation?

Answer 19

1. TA
2. Internal/External Oblique
3. Rectus abdominis

-all depress the lower ribs and compress the abdominal contents thus pushing up the diaphragm and assisting with active exhalation

Question 20

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 20

1. Nasal cavity
2. Pharynx (nasopharyngeal, oropharynx, laryngopharynx)
3. Larynx

Question 21

What is the function of the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 21

In addition to serving as gas conduits, these passages humidify, cool or warm inspired air, and filter foreign matter before it can reach the alveoli

Question 22

Describe the Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 22

tract extends from the larynx to the alevoli n the lungs and consists of the conducting airways and the terminal respiratory units

Question 23

How many times do the airways divide between the trachea and the alveoli ?

Answer 23

23 times

Question 24

Where does the trachea begin?

Answer 24

At the larynx (approximately at the base of the neck) and ends at the carina (at the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra and the sternal angel)

Question 25

What does the trachea divide into at the carina?

Answer 25

Right and Left main Bronchi

Question 26

Where are the lungs located?

Answer 26

On eithe side of the mediastinum, each within its won pleural cavity

Question 27

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 27

3 (upper, middle, lower)

Question 28

How many lobes does the LEFT lung have?

Answer 28

2 (upper and lower)—had to make room for the heart