Anatomy + Physiology Of The Respiratory System Flashcards
What does the thorax protect?
- Heart, lungs and other organs
- provides attachment sites for ventilatory muscles and other muscles
What makes up the thorax?
- bounded posteriorly by 12 thoracic vertebrae, intervertebral disks and ribs
- anteriorly by the sternum, costal cartilages and ribs
- laterally by ribs
Name all 3 parts of the Sternum
- Manubrium- Superior portion; articulates with the clavicles (@ clavicular notch)
- Body
- Xiphoid process - inferior portion of the sternum
What makes put the sternal angle (angle of Louis)?
The manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum forming the sternal angle (angle of Louis)
Describe the ribs 1-12.
1-7 (True Ribs)
8-10 (false ribs)
11-12 (floating ribs)
What ribs down’s articulates with two thoracic vertebrae?
1, 10,11, 12
All the other ribs have a superior and inferior face for articulation with bodies of 2 adjacent thoracic vertebrae
What does the superior facet articulate with?
The inferior costal facet of the vertebra numbered one lower
What are the principle muscles of inspiration
- Diaphragm
2. External intercostals
Describe the diaphragm
Dome shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity form the abdominal a cavity
What does contraction of the diaphragm cause?
Causes the chest to expand longitudinally and the lower ribs to elevate to allow for inspiration
Where are the intercostal muscles located?
Between the spaces of the ribs
How are the external intercoastals oriented?
oriented obliquely upward and backward from the upper border of one rib to the lower border of the rib above
Which way are the internal intercostal muscles oriented?
Oriented obliquely upward and forward from the upper border of one rib to the lower border of the rib Above
What does contraction of the intercostal cause?
Elevation of the ribs
What does upward movment of the upper ribs increase?
A-P diameter of the chest
What does elevation of the lower ribs increases?
The transverse diameter
List the accessory muscles of inspairtion
- SCM
- Scalenes
- Pectoralis major (sternocostal portion)
- Pectoralis minor
- SA
During quiet breathing, describe how exhalation occurs
Results form passive recoil of the lungs and rib cage.
What muscles are used during forceful exhalation?
- TA
- Internal/External Oblique
- Rectus abdominis
-all depress the lower ribs and compress the abdominal contents thus pushing up the diaphragm and assisting with active exhalation
What makes up the upper respiratory tract?
- Nasal cavity
- Pharynx (nasopharyngeal, oropharynx, laryngopharynx)
- Larynx
What is the function of the upper respiratory tract?
In addition to serving as gas conduits, these passages humidify, cool or warm inspired air, and filter foreign matter before it can reach the alveoli
Describe the Lower Respiratory Tract
tract extends from the larynx to the alevoli n the lungs and consists of the conducting airways and the terminal respiratory units
How many times do the airways divide between the trachea and the alveoli ?
23 times
Where does the trachea begin?
At the larynx (approximately at the base of the neck) and ends at the carina (at the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra and the sternal angel)
What does the trachea divide into at the carina?
Right and Left main Bronchi
Where are the lungs located?
On eithe side of the mediastinum, each within its won pleural cavity
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3 (upper, middle, lower)
How many lobes does the LEFT lung have?
2 (upper and lower)—had to make room for the heart
