Extra Information Flashcards
Pain in the buttock, hip, and/or thigh during a claudication test indicates obstruction of which arteries?
- Aorta
2. Iliac arteries
Pain in the calf during claudication testing indicates obstruction or stenosis of which artery?
- Femoral
2. Popliteal
Pain in the ankle and foot during claudication indicates obstruction/stenosis of which artery?
- Tibial
2. Perineal arteries
Cardiac Pain refers to which body parts?
- Shoulders
- Back
- Arms
- Neck
- Jaw
Pain referred to back can occur from ?
Dissecting aortic aneurysm
Stemmer’s sign is associated with fibrosis. What is stemmer’s sign?
Dorsal skin folds of the toes or fingers are resistant to lifting
Indicative of fibrotic changes and lymphedema
True or False: Bilateral edema is associated with CHF?
True
What trophic changes are associated with PAD?
pale, shiny, dry skin, with loss of hair
Rate Pressure Product (RPP) is an index of what?
Myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow
RPP is sued to measure physiologic correlate to the onset of _______ ________ or the development of ECG abnormalities in patients with heart disease
Angina Pectoris
True or False: S +S of Myocardial ischemia generally occur at a reproducible RPP value.
True
A patient is demonstrating Levine’s sign. What does this look like and what is this sign associated with?
Patient is clenching fist over sternum
Associated with angina pectoris
List the three major types of angina
- Stable angina
- Unstable angina
- Variant angina (Prinzmetal’s angina)
What are some characeristics of stable angina?
- Occurs during exercise or activity (exertional angina)
- predicable at RPP
- Relieved with nitroglycerin
Characteristics of unstable angina
- Coronary insufficiency at any time without any precipitating factors or exterior
- chest pain increases in duration,frequency, severity
- Refractory to treatment
Characteristics of Pinzmetal angina
- Caused by Vassos Pam of coronary artery in the absence of occlusive disease
- Reasons well to nitroglycerin or Ca+ channel blocker long term
Describe symptoms of angina commonly described by women
Crushing, pressing, discomfort and bad ache
What are common symptoms often describe by angina patients?
SOB, fatigue, diaphroesis, and weakness
Burning aching behind the sternum, but may also be felt in the neck and back, jaw, shoulders, and arms
True or false: Older adults present more often with atypical symptoms (absence of chest pain): Dyspnea, diaphresis, nausea and vomiting and syncope
True
What is normal respiratory rhythm?
Inspiration (I) is half as long as expiration (E)
I:E ratio = 1:2
What is the respiratory rhythm a patient with COPD?
I:E ratio reflects a longer expiration phase: 1:3 or 1:4
Apnea
Absence of spontaneous breathing
Biot’s
Irregular breathing; breaths vary in depth/rate with periods of apnea
May be associated with neurologic or electrolyte disturbance, infection or high level of cardiorespiratory fitness
Cheyenne-Strokes (periodic)
Decreasing rate and depth of breathing with periods of apnea; can occur due to CNS damage
Eupnea
Normal rate and depth of breathin
Hyperpnea
Increased rate and depth of breathing
Hyponea
Decreased rate anddepth of breathing
Kussmal’s
Deep and fast breathing; often associated with metabolic acidosis
What breathing pattern is often associated with metabolic acidosis?
Kussmaul’s
Paradoxical breathing
Chest wall moves in with inhalation and out with exhalation
D/t chest trauma or paralysis of diaphragm
What patient population is Paradoxical breathing typically observed in?
S/p CABG and paraplegics
Tachypnea
Faster than normal respiratory rate; >20 breaths/minute in adults
