Extra Information

Question 1

Pain in the buttock, hip, and/or thigh during a claudication test indicates obstruction of which arteries?

Answer 1

1. Aorta

2. Iliac arteries

Question 2

Pain in the calf during claudication testing indicates obstruction or stenosis of which artery?

Answer 2

1. Femoral

2. Popliteal

Question 3

Pain in the ankle and foot during claudication indicates obstruction/stenosis of which artery?

Answer 3

1. Tibial

2. Perineal arteries

Question 4

Cardiac Pain refers to which body parts?

Answer 4

1. Shoulders
2. Back
3. Arms
4. Neck
5. Jaw

Question 5

Pain referred to back can occur from ?

Answer 5

Dissecting aortic aneurysm

Question 6

Stemmer’s sign is associated with fibrosis. What is stemmer’s sign?

Answer 6

Dorsal skin folds of the toes or fingers are resistant to lifting

Indicative of fibrotic changes and lymphedema

Question 7

True or False: Bilateral edema is associated with CHF?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What trophic changes are associated with PAD?

Answer 8

pale, shiny, dry skin, with loss of hair

Question 9

Rate Pressure Product (RPP) is an index of what?

Answer 9

Myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow

Question 10

RPP is sued to measure physiologic correlate to the onset of _______ ________ or the development of ECG abnormalities in patients with heart disease

Answer 10

Angina Pectoris

Question 11

True or False: S +S of Myocardial ischemia generally occur at a reproducible RPP value.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

A patient is demonstrating Levine’s sign. What does this look like and what is this sign associated with?

Answer 12

Patient is clenching fist over sternum

Associated with angina pectoris

Question 13

List the three major types of angina

Answer 13

1. Stable angina
2. Unstable angina
3. Variant angina (Prinzmetal’s angina)

Question 14

What are some characeristics of stable angina?

Answer 14

1. Occurs during exercise or activity (exertional angina)
2. predicable at RPP
3. Relieved with nitroglycerin

Question 15

Characteristics of unstable angina

Answer 15

1. Coronary insufficiency at any time without any precipitating factors or exterior
2. chest pain increases in duration,frequency, severity
3. Refractory to treatment

Question 16

Characteristics of Pinzmetal angina

Answer 16

1. Caused by Vassos Pam of coronary artery in the absence of occlusive disease
2. Reasons well to nitroglycerin or Ca+ channel blocker long term

Question 17

Describe symptoms of angina commonly described by women

Answer 17

Crushing, pressing, discomfort and bad ache

Question 18

What are common symptoms often describe by angina patients?

Answer 18

SOB, fatigue, diaphroesis, and weakness

Burning aching behind the sternum, but may also be felt in the neck and back, jaw, shoulders, and arms

Question 19

True or false: Older adults present more often with atypical symptoms (absence of chest pain): Dyspnea, diaphresis, nausea and vomiting and syncope

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is normal respiratory rhythm?

Answer 20

Inspiration (I) is half as long as expiration (E)

I:E ratio = 1:2

Question 21

What is the respiratory rhythm a patient with COPD?

Answer 21

I:E ratio reflects a longer expiration phase: 1:3 or 1:4

Question 22

Apnea

Answer 22

Absence of spontaneous breathing

Question 23

Biot’s

Answer 23

Irregular breathing; breaths vary in depth/rate with periods of apnea

May be associated with neurologic or electrolyte disturbance, infection or high level of cardiorespiratory fitness

Question 24

Cheyenne-Strokes (periodic)

Answer 24

Decreasing rate and depth of breathing with periods of apnea; can occur due to CNS damage

Question 25

Eupnea

Answer 25

Normal rate and depth of breathin

Question 26

Hyperpnea

Answer 26

Increased rate and depth of breathing

Question 27

Hyponea

Answer 27

Decreased rate anddepth of breathing

Question 28

Kussmal’s

Answer 28

Deep and fast breathing; often associated with metabolic acidosis

Question 29

What breathing pattern is often associated with metabolic acidosis?

Answer 29

Kussmaul’s

Question 30

Paradoxical breathing

Answer 30

Chest wall moves in with inhalation and out with exhalation

D/t chest trauma or paralysis of diaphragm

Question 31

What patient population is Paradoxical breathing typically observed in?

Answer 31

S/p CABG and paraplegics

Question 32

Tachypnea

Answer 32

Faster than normal respiratory rate; >20 breaths/minute in adults