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Biology Lab > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where does gas exchange occur?

A

in the alveolar air sacs

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2
Q

What is the efficiency of gas dependent on?

A

ventilation

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3
Q

What does cyclical breathing do?

A

cause movements alternately inflate and deflate the alveolar sacs

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4
Q

What does inspiration provide?

A

the alveoli with some fresh atmospheric air

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5
Q

What does expiration provide?

A

removes some of the stale air, which has reduced oxygen and increased carbon dioxide concentration

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6
Q

What is spirometry?

A

the method of choice for a fast and reliable screening of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD

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7
Q

What is COPD

A

12th leading cause of death worldwide and 5th leading cause in the western countires
85-90 percent caused by smoking- tobacco

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8
Q

How can the important aspects of lung function be determined?

A
  • measuring airflow and the corresponding changes in lung volume
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9
Q

What can airflow be directly measured from?

A

with a pneumotachometer

-the flow head type used in the experiment is the lily type

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10
Q

What did the lily flow head do?

A

measures the difference in pressure either side of mesh membrane with known resistance.

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11
Q

What does the transducer do?

A
  • converts the pressure signal into changing voltage.
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12
Q

What does the resistance do?

A

gives rise to small pressure difference proportional to flow rate.

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13
Q

What is the volume calculated as?

A

integral flow

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14
Q

What is a complication when measuring the volume?

A

caused by the difference in air temperature between the spirometer rod (at ambient temp) and the air air exhaled from the lungs (body temp)

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15
Q

What happens with the volume of gas when warming?

A

it expands so therefore the air volume expired from the lungs will be slightly greater than that inspired- thus a volume trace as calculated by integration flow drifts in the expiratory direction

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16
Q

How would you reduce the drift of flow of air?

A

BTPS factor-

17
Q

What does spirometry allow?>

A

many components of pulmonary function to eb seen, measured and caluclated.

18
Q

What does respiration consist of ?

A

a repeated cycle of inspiration followed by expiration

19
Q

What is the tidal volume?(vT)

A

when during the respiratory cycle a specific volume of air is drawn into and then expired from the lungs.
is the volume breathed in each breath

20
Q

What is the breathing frequency(f) in normal ventilation>

A

approx 15 respiratory cycles per minute

-this value varies with the level of activity.

21
Q

What is the expired minute volume?

A

the product of f(frequency) and Vt(tidal volume)

the amount of air exhaled in one minute of breathing

22
Q

What is residual volume?

A

the amount of air left in the lungs after full expiration

-cannot be measured by spirometry

23
Q

What is tidal volume ?

A

normal breath (500ml)

24
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume ? (IRV)

A

3100ml - the amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume

25
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume ? (ERV)

A

1200ml- amount of air that can be expired/exhaled forcibly beyond the tidal volume (after a normal expiration)

26
Q

What is vital capacity (VC)?

A

4800ml- biggest possible breath- the measure of the maximum volume of gas in the respiratory system that can be exchanged

27
Q

What is residual volume?

A

1200ml-air that cannot be expelled

28
Q

What is total lung capacity (TLC)?

A

is a measure of the volume of gas in the respiratory system at the end of a maximal inspiration

29
Q

What is capacity?

A

the sum of at least 2 volumes

30
Q

What is FEV1?- forced expired volume

A

provides a measure of the resistance of the airways to flow
-amount of air you can force from your lungs in one second.
-Measured during spirometry test
known as a pulmonary function test, which involves forcefully breathing out into a mouthpiece connected to a spirometer machine.

Biology Lab (20 decks)

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