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Online Anatomy Lab Flashcards

1
Q

What are the accesory structures of the skin?

A 
Sebaceous gland
Sweat gland 
hair follicle 
epidermis 
pacinan corpuscle
blood vessels
sensory nerves
arrector pilli muscle
dermis
hypodermis
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2
Q

What is the tissue type for sebaceous and sweat gland?

A

Glandular epithelia

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3
Q

What is the shape of the sebaceous and sweat gland and digestive glands?

A

Simple cuboidal or columnar

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4
Q

What are the two types of sweat gland?

A

Apocrine

Merocine

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5
Q

What is the mode of secretion for merocrine gland?

A

secretion via exocytosis

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6
Q

What is the mode of secretion for apocrine gland?

A

tip of cell is shed as they accumulate in the apex of cell then breaks off

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7
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the urinary system?

A 
Adrenal gland (Suprarenal gland)
Kidney
Pelvis
Ureter 
Bladder
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8
Q

What is the role of the skeletal system in relation to the urinary system?

A

Protection

bones of ribs protect kidney from trauma

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9
Q

What is the relationship between the urinary system and the reproductive system?

A

Women have 2 different systems - one for birth and other for urine
Male have 1- as the urethra transports both urine and seminal fluid

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10
Q

What is the urinary system responsible for?

A

the excretion of unwanted waste in our body as urine

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11
Q

Which organ system are the adrenal glands a part of?

A

Endocrine

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12
Q

What are one of the hormones the adrenal glands release?

A

androgens which are then converted to testosterone and estrogens by the gonards

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13
Q

Define homeostasis

A

the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment to a changing external environment

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14
Q

What methods does the body use to maintain homeostasis?

A

Oxygen levels
Temperature
Salinity - the amount of salt dissolved in body water
Ion concentration

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15
Q

Describe the 4 process of negative feedback

A

stimulus
receptor
control centre -hypothalamus
effector

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16
Q

What is the response of negative feedback?

A

the results of the response counteract the initial action to bring the body back to balance

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17
Q

What is an example of negative feedback

A

Thermal regulation

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18
Q

Explain the process of negative feedback in thermal regulation

A

Increase in body temp in skin via stimulus detected
Receptors- Peripheral thermoreceptors
Hypothalamus- information travels to
Effector- blood vessels increase in vasodialation to increase heat loss, sweat glans : increase in water evaporation.
Overall decreasing body temp

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19
Q

What is an example of positive feedback?

A

Lactation

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20
Q

Explain the process of positive feedback in lactation

A

Stimulus- mechanical stimulation of nipple by a suckling child
Receptor- impulses are sent
Hypothalamus - where the impulses are sent to
Posterior pituitary- releases oxytocin
Effector (Oxytocin)- stimulates cells surrounding the milk- producing glands of the breast
Cells contract- milk ejects

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21
Q

Why is lactation positive feedback

A

as the milk production then reinforces the original stimulus (in a cycle) and accelerates the response.

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22
Q

What is the effector in lactation and which are the control centre organs?

A

Oxytocin and

Hypothalalmus

23
Q

What type of gland is the mammary gland and what is its mode of secretion?

A

Exocrine - produces milk to offspring

24
Q

What is a thermoreceptor in the skin

A

Peripheral thermoreceptor

25
What is the tissue type of epidermis and function?
Stratified squamous function: forms a waterproof barrier between the body and external environment (no blood vessels) Composed of 4/5 layers
26
What us the tissue type of dermis and function?
Irregular dense connective tissue Thicker than epidermis responsible for the elasticity and strength of skin supplies epidermis with nutrients and thermoregulation dermis is vascularised contains 2 fibres - collagen (strength for skin) and elastic( recoil)
27
What is the tissue type of a hair follicle and function?
Covering epithelia | edges appear dark
28
What is the tissue type of a sebaceous gland and function?
Glandular epithelia - simple cuboidal | Produces sebum, an oily secretion that prevents the hair and skin from becoming brittle e.g lips, glands , penis
29
What is the tissue type of a blood vessel and function?
Simple squamous endothelium | to exchange nutrients plus oxygen into body tissue
30
What is the tissue type of a sweat gland and function?
``` Glandular epithelia Have 2 types - apocrine and merocrine embedded in dermis merocine- secreted via exocytosis apocrine- tip of cell is shed ```
31
What is the tissue type of a pacinian corpuscle and function?
multilayered connective tissue | they adapt rapidly to stimuli and are involved in sensing pressure
32
What is the tissue type of a arrector pilli muscle and function?
Smooth muscle cell causes hair to stand on end - 'goosebump' major role in thermoregulation
33
What is the tissue type of hypodermis and function@?
Adipose connective tissue- (contains fat, blood vessels and sensory receptors) functions as a protective cushion and insulator
34
What is a mesentary?
loose aerolar connective tissue that holds organs together | binds together the loops of the intestine within the peritoneal cavity
35
What are the 6 functions of the urinary system?
- Regulates blood pH - Regulation of blood pressure - Regulating blood ionic composition - maintenance of blood osmolarity - regulation of blood glucose - excretion of waste and toxin
36
Regulates blood pH?
H+ ions are excreted in variable amounts that directly increase or decrease blood pH and conc of bicarbonate ions. important pH buffer can be altered.
37
Regulating blood ionic composition?
kidneys regulating concentration of various ions in the blood including na and k
38
Maintenance of blood osmolarity?
kidneys do this through independant regulation of solutes and water
39
Regulates blood pressure?
regulated by kidney through secretion and subsequent activity of renin (conc). Higher renin=higher bp
40
Regulation of blood glucose
when blood glucose levels fall kidneys metabolise glutamine to synthesise new glucose molecules via gluconeogensis - increasing blood glucose levels
41
Excretion of waste and toxin
urine produced by removing unwanted waste products from body. urea = formed from breakdown of amino acids
42
tissue type of epidermis and function?
stratified squamous rich in keratin, forms a waterproof barrier between body and external environment composed of 4/5 layers
43
tissue type of dermis and function?
irregular dense connective tissue responsible for the elasticity and strength of skin supplies epidermis with nutrients and thermoregulation contains 2 fibres - collagen and elastic numerous types of cells
44
tissue type of hair follicle and function?
covering epithelia made of keratin edges dark
45
tissue type of sebaceous gland and function?
glandular epithelia produces sebum, an oily secretion that prevents the hair and skin from becoming brittle in places like lips, penis
46
tissue type of blood vessels and function?
simple squamous endothelium | to exchange nutrients and oxygen into the body tissue
47
tissue type of sweat gland and function?
glandular epithelia mode of secretion- melocrine types of sweat gland- merocrine and apocrine embedded in dermis
48
tissue type of pacinian corpuscle and function?
multiplayered connective tissue | they adapt rapidly to stimuli and are involved in sensing pressure
49
tissue type of arrector pilli muscle and function?
smooth muscle causes hair to stand on end - 'goosebumps' has a major role in thermoregulation
50
tissue type of hypodermis and function?
adipose connective tissue the connective tissue contains fat, blood vessels and sensory receptors functions as a protective cushion and insulator.
51
Where are the adrenal glands located
on the superior surface of each kidney
52
What are the 3 tissues the adrenal gland is composed of?
capsule (made up of connective tissue) outer cortex inner medulla
53
What are the adrenal glands responsible for?
release of hormones regulating metabolism, immune system function and salt and water balance in blood stream

Biology Lab (20 decks)

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