Rat Dissection

Question 1

What is Nares?

Answer 1

nostrils

Question 2

Vibrissae?

Answer 2

whiskers

Question 3

Anus

Answer 3

Opening to digestive tract

Question 4

Pinna

Answer 4

flap-like external ear

Question 5

Nictiating membrane

Answer 5

inside the corner of the eye; protection

Question 6

Urethral office

Answer 6

most anterior opening for urinary system

Question 7

Incisor

Answer 7

narrow edged tooth

Question 8

What is the tough protective membrane called around the heart?

Answer 8

Pericardium

Question 9

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

How many lobs does the left lung have

Answer 10

2

Question 11

What is the thin muscular sheet that seperates the abdominal and thoraic activities ?

Answer 11

Diaphragm

Question 12

What is the main function of the diaphragm?

Answer 12

used in respiration and process of breathing.

Question 13

How many lobes does the liver of the rat has?

Answer 13

4

Question 14

How many lobes does the liver of the human have?

Answer 14

4

Question 15

What is the dark coloured organ located on the left of the stomach?

Answer 15

Spleen

Question 16

What is the function of the spleen?

Answer 16

functions as a storage organ for platelets and a site for filtering blood

Question 17

What organ system is the spleen part of?

Answer 17

Lymphatic system

Question 18

What is the organ near the stomach that appears lobular and yellowish ?

Answer 18

Pancreas

Question 19

What does the pancreas produce?

Answer 19

sodium bicarbonate and many enzymes.

it is both an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland.

Question 20

What is the first section of the small intestines ?

Answer 20

duodenum

Question 21

What is the function in humans of the gall bladder that the rat does NOT have?

Answer 21

store and concentrate bile

Question 22

What is a mesentery?

Answer 22

connective tissue that connects small intestine to abdominal

Question 23

What is another name for large intestine?

Answer 23

colon

Question 24

what is the terminal portion of the colon?

Answer 24

anus

Question 25

Describe the alimentary canal

Answer 25

continuous passage starting from the mouth and ending at the anus which carries food through different parts of the digestive system.

Question 26

What is the main constituent of urine

Answer 26

water

Question 27

what is the last place the urine will pass through

Answer 27

urethera

Question 28

what are the main toxins excreted in urine?

Answer 28

urea

Question 29

What is the whitish tube that leaves each hilium ?

Answer 29

ureter

Question 30

An increased rate of breathing as a result of c02 in the bloodstream would be best described as

Answer 30

responsiveness

Question 31

If an insect lands on your arm, What organ systems are involved in a response to slap the insect away?

Answer 31

Skin (integumentary system) Sensory neurone Muscular system response

Question 32

What is the outermost epidermal layer

Answer 32

Stratum cornea

Question 33

What is not an epidermal derivative?

Answer 33

sensory receptor

Question 34

What happens when sweat and sebum mix

Answer 34

forms acid mantle

Question 35

What does acid mantle do?

Answer 35

retards bacterial growth due to low pH- hostile environment so bacteria cant survive.

Question 36

What happens when the external temperature drops, how is our body temperature maintained?

Answer 36

Homeostasis- Negative feedback The low temp rises again Receptor - control centre to the effector (NS)

Question 37

What are the tissue types making up the stomach and how are they related to the function of the stomach?

Answer 37

stomach internal lining-epithelial tissue stomach wall- mainly muscle which contracts and relaxes to churn food stomach wall-connective tissue which supports muscle structure as it churns. nervous tissue-nerve fibres signal muscle cells to change concentration rate and secrete more digestive juice.

Question 38

How do defensins work?

Answer 38

Defensins are produced in epithelial cells They produce a protein which is sebum It works its way into the membrane of bacteria and destroys them.

Question 39

What does the inteugementary system make that is essential for the skeletal system

Answer 39

Vit D which is needed for calcium absorption

Question 40

How does the urinary system benefit the cardiovascular system?

Answer 40

regulates blood pressure through fluid retention

Question 41

Which type of cell also functions as part of the immune system?

Answer 41

Dendritic cell

Question 42

What make up the epidermal cells and how many?

Answer 42

90% of epidermal cells are made of keratinocytes | Makes keratin which is a tough and fibrous protein which protects skin.

Question 43

What other tissue makes up epidermal cells and how many?

Answer 43

8% of epidermal cells are also made of melanocytes. | They also produce melanin granules which are prevents UV damage to skin and responsible for skin colour.

Question 44

what is the last section of small intestine?

Answer 44

ileum

Question 45

What is the trachea>

Answer 45

tube that extends from the neck to the chest

Question 46

What is the appearance of trachea?

Answer 46

white and lined with cartilage (rings)

Question 47

What is the opening of the trachea?

Answer 47

glottis

Question 48

what does the trachea split into?

Answer 48

2 bronchi then splits further into bronchioles

Question 49

How can you distinguish between oesophagus and trachea?

Answer 49

lack of cartilage rings

Question 50

what is the function of the liver?

Answer 50

produces bile which aids in digestion of fats

Question 51

What else does the liver store?

Answer 51

glycogen

Question 52

Which organ systems is the pancreas a part of?

Answer 52

digestive system- breaks down nutrients | endocrine system-produces hormones

Question 53

what is the function of oesophagus ?

Answer 53

runs through the diaphragm and moves food from the mouth to the stomach