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Biology Lab > Rat Dissection > Flashcards

Rat Dissection Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Nares?

A

nostrils

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2
Q

Vibrissae?

A

whiskers

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3
Q

Anus

A

Opening to digestive tract

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4
Q

Pinna

A

flap-like external ear

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5
Q

Nictiating membrane

A

inside the corner of the eye; protection

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6
Q

Urethral office

A

most anterior opening for urinary system

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7
Q

Incisor

A

narrow edged tooth

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8
Q

What is the tough protective membrane called around the heart?

A

Pericardium

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9
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

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10
Q

How many lobs does the left lung have

A

2

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11
Q

What is the thin muscular sheet that seperates the abdominal and thoraic activities ?

A

Diaphragm

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12
Q

What is the main function of the diaphragm?

A

used in respiration and process of breathing.

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13
Q

How many lobes does the liver of the rat has?

A

4

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14
Q

How many lobes does the liver of the human have?

A

4

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15
Q

What is the dark coloured organ located on the left of the stomach?

A

Spleen

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16
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

functions as a storage organ for platelets and a site for filtering blood

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17
Q

What organ system is the spleen part of?

A

Lymphatic system

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18
Q

What is the organ near the stomach that appears lobular and yellowish ?

A

Pancreas

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19
Q

What does the pancreas produce?

A

sodium bicarbonate and many enzymes.

it is both an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland.

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20
Q

What is the first section of the small intestines ?

A

duodenum

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21
Q

What is the function in humans of the gall bladder that the rat does NOT have?

A

store and concentrate bile

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22
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

connective tissue that connects small intestine to abdominal

23
Q

What is another name for large intestine?

A

colon

24
Q

what is the terminal portion of the colon?

A

anus

25
Q

Describe the alimentary canal

A

continuous passage starting from the mouth and ending at the anus which carries food through different parts of the digestive system.

26
Q

What is the main constituent of urine

A

water

27
Q

what is the last place the urine will pass through

A

urethera

28
Q

what are the main toxins excreted in urine?

A

urea

29
Q

What is the whitish tube that leaves each hilium ?

A

ureter

30
Q

An increased rate of breathing as a result of c02 in the bloodstream would be best described as

A

responsiveness

31
Q

If an insect lands on your arm, What organ systems are involved in a response to slap the insect away?

A

Skin (integumentary system)
Sensory neurone
Muscular system
response

32
Q

What is the outermost epidermal layer

A

Stratum cornea

33
Q

What is not an epidermal derivative?

A

sensory receptor

34
Q

What happens when sweat and sebum mix

A

forms acid mantle

35
Q

What does acid mantle do?

A

retards bacterial growth due to low pH- hostile environment so bacteria cant survive.

36
Q

What happens when the external temperature drops, how is our body temperature maintained?

A

Homeostasis- Negative feedback
The low temp rises again
Receptor - control centre to the effector (NS)

37
Q

What are the tissue types making up the stomach and how are they related to the function of the stomach?

A

stomach
internal lining-epithelial tissue
stomach wall- mainly muscle which contracts and relaxes to churn food
stomach wall-connective tissue which supports muscle structure as it churns.
nervous tissue-nerve fibres signal muscle cells to change concentration rate and secrete more digestive juice.

38
Q

How do defensins work?

A

Defensins are produced in epithelial cells
They produce a protein which is sebum
It works its way into the membrane of bacteria and destroys them.

39
Q

What does the inteugementary system make that is essential for the skeletal system

A

Vit D which is needed for calcium absorption

40
Q

How does the urinary system benefit the cardiovascular system?

A

regulates blood pressure through fluid retention

41
Q

Which type of cell also functions as part of the immune system?

A

Dendritic cell

42
Q

What make up the epidermal cells and how many?

A

90% of epidermal cells are made of keratinocytes

Makes keratin which is a tough and fibrous protein which protects skin.

43
Q

What other tissue makes up epidermal cells and how many?

A

8% of epidermal cells are also made of melanocytes.

They also produce melanin granules which are prevents UV damage to skin and responsible for skin colour.

44
Q

what is the last section of small intestine?

A

ileum

45
Q

What is the trachea>

A

tube that extends from the neck to the chest

46
Q

What is the appearance of trachea?

A

white and lined with cartilage (rings)

47
Q

What is the opening of the trachea?

A

glottis

48
Q

what does the trachea split into?

A

2 bronchi then splits further into bronchioles

49
Q

How can you distinguish between oesophagus and trachea?

A

lack of cartilage rings

50
Q

what is the function of the liver?

A

produces bile which aids in digestion of fats

51
Q

What else does the liver store?

A

glycogen

52
Q

Which organ systems is the pancreas a part of?

A

digestive system- breaks down nutrients

endocrine system-produces hormones

53
Q

what is the function of oesophagus ?

A

runs through the diaphragm and moves food from the mouth to the stomach

Biology Lab (20 decks)

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