Respiration

Question 1

What is ATP?

Answer 1

ATP is a substance that is used as the energy source for many processes in cells, produced as a result of respiration. It is also used as the enrgy for active transport.

Question 2

What is cell respiration?

Answer 2

The process of breaking down food molecules to release ATP

Question 3

What do cells use energy for?

Answer 3

For cell division

Building large molecules, e.g. proteins

Transporting molecules

Maintaining body temperature

Contraction of muscle cells

Question 4

What is the word equation and balanced chemical equation is for aerobic respiration?

Answer 4

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ —> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

Question 5

What type of respiration occours when cells respire without using any or enough oxygen?

Answer 5

Anaerobic respiration

Question 6

How is anaerobic respiration useful for cells?

Answer 6

It allows cells to obtain a small amount of usable energy even when oxygen supply is limited

Question 7

Anaerobic respiration in fungi and plants produces ethanol and carbon dioxide. What is the word equaton for this?

Answer 7

glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 8

glucose —-> ethanol + carbon dioxide

This reaction is very useful in food production, why?

Answer 8

1) Yeast is used in bread and alcohol production.
2) In both processes the yeast is in a low oxygen condition so it respires anaerobically.
3) This produces ethanol for the alcohol products
4) The excess carbon dioxide is used to form bubbles in bread dough, causing it to rise.

Question 9

Anaerobic respiration in animals produces lactic acid. What is the word equation for this?

Answer 9

glucose —> lactic acid

Question 10

In animals, during anaerobic respiration, when does glucose produce lactic acid?

Answer 10

Lactic acid is produced in muscle cells when there is a shortage of oxygen during intensive exercise.

Question 11

What is the oxygen debt?

Answer 11

The volume of oxygen needed to oxidise the lactic acid is called the oxygen debt

Question 12

What is CORMS?

Answer 12

Change: name and describe how you will change the independent variable

Organism: name the organism or biological substance used in the experiment and describe how it will be kept the same

Repeats: say how many repeats you will use for each value of the independent variable and explain why it is necessary to repeat. This is for reliability, to check results are consistent

Measure: say what the dependent variable is and how you are measuring it

Same: say what variables you will keep the same and how you will ensure they are the same each time

Question 13

When carbon dioxide is bubbled through limewater what happens?

Answer 13

It goes cloudy if CO₂ is present

Question 14

What is a control experiment?

Answer 14

A control experiment is identical to the original experiment but without the independent variable

Question 15

What happens when lactic acid builds up?

Answer 15

1. Lactic acid builds up, causing cramps, and defuses from muscles into the blood.
2. In high concentrations lactic acid is toxic, so is transported to the liver where it is oxidised.
3. We keep breathing heavily after exercise to supply the extra oxygen needed to dispose of the lactic acid in our bodies

Question 16

Label this experiment

Answer 16

Question 17

Label this experiment

Answer 17

Question 18

Label this experiment

Answer 18