Plant Transport and Coordination

Question 1

The transport system in plants enables two things, what are they?

Answer 1

The transport system in plants enables leaves to receive water for photosynthesis and mineral ions needed to convert the products of photosynthesis into useful substances.

Question 2

What type of walls does the xylem have?

Answer 2

Thick cell walls

Question 3

For transport in plants, what are the dead cells that contain no cytoplasm are completely hollow and arranged end to end?

Answer 3

Xylem

Question 4

What does the xylem transport?

Answer 4

The xylem transports water and mineral irons from the roots to the leaves.

Question 5

For transport in plants what are nitrate ions needed for?

Answer 5

Nitrate irons are needed to make amino acid‘s and proteins

Question 6

For transport in plants, what are magnesium ions need it for?

Answer 6

Magnesium ions are needed to make chlorophyll

Question 7

For transport in plants, what type of cells are the xylem and the phloem made of?

Answer 7

The xylem is made of dead cells, and the phloem from living cells

Question 8

For transport in plants, how is the phloem composed?

Answer 8

Tubes are formed by cells arranged end to end, but have cell walls made of Celulose.

Question 9

For transport in plants, what is the sugar made in photosynthesis converted to?

Answer 9

Sucrose (another sugar)

Question 10

What does the phloem transport, and to where in the plant?

Answer 10

The phloem transports sucrose and amino acids from the leaves where they are made, to the growing points.

Question 11

Moving sucrose and amino acids around the plant is done by the Phloem. What is this called?

Answer 11

Translocation

Question 12

Label this diagram of a xylem and phloem

Answer 12

Question 13

How do plants take in water from the soil?

Answer 13

They take in water from the soil through their roots, this is the main site of water absorption.

Question 14

Describe the roots of a plant.

Answer 14

The roots of a plant have hair like structures that greatly increase the surface area of the root epidermis, increasing the rate of diffusion.

Question 15

What is the function of a root hair?

Answer 15

The function of a route is to absorb water and minerals from the soil. Each hair is a single specialised cells of the root epidermis

Question 16

Through what process does the water enter the cells of the root hair?

Answer 16

Osmosis

Question 17

Water is carried by the xylem vessels to where?

Answer 17

Water is carried by xylem vessels to all parts of the plant.

Question 18

What is the word that means the evaporation of water from the surface of a plant?

Answer 18

Transpiration

Question 19

Transpiration causes water to be pulled up the xylem in the stem and roots, in a continuous flow. What is this known as?

Answer 19

Transpiration stream

Question 20

What are the three functions of the transpiration stream?

Answer 20

1) To carry mineral ions to the leaves for the synthesis of amino acids and chlorophyll
2) To keep pressure high in leaf cells, holding the leaves up
3) Evaporation cools the leaves

Question 21

For transpiration, where does most water pass out of the leaves as water vapour?

Answer 21

Stomata

Question 22

What happens to transpiration when the temperature increases?

Answer 22

On a hot day water evaporates more quickly from the leaves of a plant. Transpiration therefore increase as temperature increases.

Question 23

How is transpiration affected with a change in humidity?

Answer 23

Very humid air contains a great deal of water vapour. Therefore there is a slower rate of diffusion, and a lower concentration gradient. So more humidity slows down transpiration.

Question 24

How does wind speed change the rate of transpiration?

Answer 24

In moving air / high wind speeds, the water vapour will be swept away from the leaf as fast as it diffuses out. This will speed up transpiration. Transpiration therefore increases as wind speed increases.

Question 25

How does light intensity change the rate of transpiration?

Answer 25

Light itself does not affect evaporation, but in daylight the stomata of leaves are open to supply carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. This allows more water to diffuse out of the leaves and into the atmosphere. Transpiration increases in daylight.

Question 26

How does water supply impact on the rate of transpiration?

Answer 26

If the water supply is low then less water is taken up by the roots, the plant will then wilt. When the plant wilts, the stomata start to close which reduces transpiration. Low water supply reduces transpiration.

Question 27

What is a potometer?

Answer 27

A potometer is a device used to estimate transpiration rates.

Question 28

Label the potometer

Answer 28

Question 29

What is it called when a plant grows towards a stimulus?

Answer 29

Tropism

Question 30

What is growth towards a light called?

Answer 30

Phototropism

Question 31

What is the hormone that controls growth towards light called, and where is it found?

Answer 31

Auxin, found in the tip of the stem.

Question 32

What is the trophism called when a plant grows towards gravity?

Answer 32

Geotrophism