Hormones and Homeostasis

Question 1

Which of the body’s two systems uses proteins called hormones?

Answer 1

Endocrine / hormone system

Question 2

How does the speed of the endocrine system compare to that of the nervous system?

Answer 2

The endocrine system is slow (except for adrenaline), whereas the nervous system is fast

Question 3

How does the type of message sent by the endocrine system compare to that of the nervous system?

Answer 3

The endocrine system sends chemical messages, whereas the nervous system sends electrical impulses

Question 4

How does the method of delivery by the endocrine system compare to that of the nervous system?

Answer 4

The endocrine system sends messages via the blood, whereas the nervous system sends messages along neurones

Question 5

How does the response of the message by the endocrine system compare to that of the nervous system?

Answer 5

Within the endocrine system, only the target cells respond, even though the messages are sent all over the body, whereas the nervous system also has the target cells responding, but doesn’t send the messages all around the body

Question 6

How is the role of the endocrine system compare to that of the nervous system?

Answer 6

The endocrine’s role is to control long term processes, such as reproduction and growth, whereas the nervous system is used when a fast response is needed

Question 7

What controls the pituitary gland, and where is this controller located?

Answer 7

The hypothalamus, which is located in the brain

Question 8

What gland produces adrenaline?

Answer 8

Adrenal gland

Question 9

What gland produces insulin?

Answer 9

Pancreas

Question 10

What gland produces testosterone?

Answer 10

Testis

Question 11

What gland produces oestrogen?

Answer 11

Ovary

Question 12

What gland produces progesterone?

Answer 12

Ovary

Question 13

What gland produces ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone)?

Answer 13

Pituitary gland

Question 14

What is the function of insulin, produced by the pancreas?

Answer 14

Causes the liver and muscles to take up glucose, converting it into glycogen

Question 15

What is the function of ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone), produced by the pituitary gland?

Answer 15

Controls the amount of water lost in urine

Question 16

What is the function of oestrogen, produced by the ovaries?

Answer 16

Stimulates uterus lining to develop, and the growth of secondary female characteristics

Question 17

What is the function of progesterone, produced by the ovaries?

Answer 17

Maintains uterus lining

Question 18

What is the function of testosterone, produced by the testes?

Answer 18

Causes the development of secondary male characteristics

Question 19

What is the function of adrenaline, produced by the adrenal gland?

Answer 19

Increases heart and breathing rate for fight, fright or flight

Question 20

What happens when a body’s blood sugar level is too high?

Answer 20

• Vision becomes blurry

- Severe weight loss can occur

Question 21

Define ‘Homeostasis’

Answer 21

The maintenance of a constant internal environment, e.g. body water content, body temperature, and blood sugar level

Question 22

What monitors the temperature of the blood, located in the brain?

Answer 22

Hypothalamus

Question 23

What are the three main ways the body controls temperature?

Answer 23

• Sweating
• Shivering
• Controlling blood flow near the surface (Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation)

Question 24

Define the process for temperature control involving your hairs when you’re too cold

Answer 24

Your hairs stand on end, which, like a seal’s blubber, provides insulation for radiation of heat

Question 25

Define the process for temperature control involving sweat when you’re too cold

Answer 25

Less sweat is released by the sweat glands, therefore less heat is lost via evaporation

Question 26

Define the process for temperature control involving vasoconstriction when you’re too cold

Answer 26

Blood vessels near the surface of the skin get narrower, they constrict, therefor less blood will flow near the surface of the skin, therefore less heat will be lost via radiation

Question 27

Define the process for temperature control involving your hairs when you’re too hot

Answer 27

Your hairs lie flat, therefore an insulating layer of air is not formed

Question 28

Define the process for temperature control involving sweat when you’re too hot

Answer 28

More sweat is released by the sweat glands, so when the sweat evaporates, heat energy is taken away from the skin, as evaporating requires energy

Question 29

Define the process for temperature control involving vasodilation when you’re too hot

Answer 29

Blood vessels near the surface of the skin get wider, they dilate, therefor more blood will flow near the surface of the skin, therefore more heat will be lost via radiation