Respiration

Question 1

Equation

Answer 1

Glucose + O2 = CO2 + H2O

Question 2

Describe the stages of glycolysis in aerobic respiration

Answer 2

1. Happens in the cytoplasm of a dem,
2. Glucose goes to glucose phosphate which is phosphorylated using 2ATP go to ADP + Pi
3. Glucose phosphate splits by lysis into 2 molecules of triode phosphate
4. Triode paste is oxidised into pyruvate by 4ATP= firmed by ATP + Pi and 2NA D = NADH.
   Net gain of 2 ATPmolecules

Question 3

Link reaction

Answer 3

1. In presence of O2 , pyruvate is actively transported into matrix
2. Pyruvate which is a 3C molecule is oxidised NAD = NADH and looses 1 CO2 to become acetate (2C)
3. Acetate combing with co enzyme A forms acetyl co enzymes 2C
   No ATP formed

Question 4

Krebs cycle

Answer 4

(Remember it occurs twice as 2 pyruvate )
1. Happens in liquid matrix
2. 2C molecule acetyl co enzyme A combines with 4C molecule to form 6C molecule
3. 6C molecule looses CO2 and oxidised NAD=NADH into a 5C molecule
4. 5 C molecule goes to a 4 C molecule with 2FAD=FADH
2NAH=NADH
ADP+Pi=ATP
Co2 loss

3NADH,2FADH,2CO2,1ATP

Question 5

Krebs cycle

Answer 5

1. Happens in the cristea
2. Reduced H+ carriers such as FADH and NADH are oxidised loosing Hydrogen
3. Electrons from hydrogen passed down electron transfer chain by series of redox reaction
4. Energy released to pump H+ across in a mitochondria membrane into inner membrane space.
5. H plus diffuse down proton gradient through ATP synthesis embedded in the membrane back into the matrix.
6. ATP and catalyse condensation reaction by ADP plus PI to form ATP.
7. 02 access the final terminal electron acceptor and produces water by forming with H plus and electrons

Question 6

Anaerobic respiration in human

Answer 6

1. Only glycolysis occurs
2. Glucose is phosphorated to glucose phosphate using 2 ATP= ADP plus pi.
3. Glucose phosphate splits by lysis into 2triose phosphate.
4. Triose phosphate is oxidised into pyruvate by 2NAD=NADH , 4ADP + Pi= ATP
5. Pyruvate then REDUCED into lactate. = 2 NADH = NAD
6. NAD regenerated back into glycolysis

Forms lactate and ATP (2)

Question 7

Describe an aerobic respiration in yeast plants or microbes

Answer 7

1. Only glycolysis occurs
2. Glucose is phosphorated to glucose phosphate using 2 ATP= ADP plus pi.
3. Glucose phosphate splits by lysis into 2triose phosphate.
4. Triose phosphate is oxidised into pyruvate by 2NAD=NADH , 4ADP + Pi= ATP
5. Pyruvate then REDUCED into ethanol and CO2. = 2 NADH = NAD
6. NAD regenerated back into glycolysis

Forms ethsno, and CO2and ATP (2)

Question 8

Give two reasons why the respirometer was left for 10 minutes when it was first placed in the water bath

Answer 8

1. Equilibrium reached.
2. Allow pressure change in apparatus
3. Allow respiration rate of seeds to stabilise.
4. Allow KOH to absorb all CO2.

Question 9

What do you need to measure in rate of respiration?

Answer 9

1. Distance moved by coloured ink
2. Over a fixed time.
3. Diameter./ cross-sectional area of tube.

Question 10

Explain why coloured liquid has moved to the right or to the left

Answer 10

1. Oxygen used for aerobic respiration.
2. Reduces volume of oxygen in tube therefore reducing pressure.
3. Solution of KOH absorb CO2 released by plant.
4. Therefore, ink moves from high to low pressure.

Question 11

Does mitochondria have a double membrane?

Answer 11

Yes, therefore will require 2 carrier proteins

Question 12

Is the rate of CO2 and O2 movement the same?

Answer 12

Yes, the rate of oxygen and carbon dioxide movement is equal

Question 13

Temperature affect respiration

Answer 13

Increase in temperature means increased enzyme activity, so more energy loss as heat so increase rate of respiration