Investigating Populations And Succession

Question 1

Carrying capacity

Answer 1

The maximum equilibrium number of organisms of a particular species that can be supported indefinitely in each stable environment

Question 2

Interspecific

Answer 2

Competition between different organisms which can lead to local extinction

Question 3

Intraspefic

Answer 3

Competition between the same species

Question 4

What is percentage cover used for

Answer 4

Too many individuals to count
Organisms are too small
Hard to identify

Question 5

How to make sure measuring abundance of a species is reliable

Answer 5

1. Use more than 20 quadrats which is large so reliable.
2. Make sure a statistical analysis can happen.
3. Make sure they’re running mean can be determined
   Make sure they collected is not biased so must be selected at random
   Method of collection of sample must also be appropriate to the species

Question 6

Why is random sampling done?

Answer 6

To find out what species are present and their relative abundance on a specific area
If you compare species abundance in two different areas
to compare species of abundance at one site with a different season/year

Question 7

Method for random sampling

Answer 7

1. Map the area using two measuring tapes arranged at right angle to form a grid.
2. Use a random number generator to obtain a series of random coordinates. so not biased
3. Play squad rights are the intersection of these coordinates and place as many as 20 so running mean and statistical test can be carried out
4. Calculate abundance by percentage cover by doing total area covered by species divided by total area of all quadrats.

Question 8

What is systematic sampling used for?

Answer 8

To the Thomas species abundance across an area and see how abiotic antibiotic factors affect species of women for non-mobile organisms or plants

Question 9

Three types of systematic symptoms

Answer 9

Transact- recording what species are touching the line
Belt transit - placing two parallel lines, a meter part recording what species are found in between the two lines
Interrupted belt transact- using one line and place a quad drop down equally metres apart and recording what species lie within the quadrants

Question 10

Describe how you investigate the distribution of marram grass from one side of the dune to build

Answer 10

1. Transact a tape measure from one side of the dune to the other.
2. Please quadrats at regular intervals across the line.
3. Count the percentage cover

Question 11

What are mark release recapture used for?

Answer 11

Estimated population size of mobile species

Question 12

Method for Mark release recapture

Answer 12

1. animals of a particular species are ethically collect
2. Animals are been marked in someway that does not affect their ability to feed or increase chance of predation
3. Animals are then released and left to distribute in their population.
4. After a reasonable time a second can be kept is carried out on the total number is recorded and a equation is used to work up population size.

Question 13

Equation to work out population size

Answer 13

N1 times N2 divided by Nm
1. Number caught 1st time
2. Number caught 2nd time
3. Num marked

Question 14

Important considerations for Mark release recapture

Answer 14

1. Marking on animal should not affect predation or feeding.
2. Marking should not be rubbed off or be lost
3. Sufficient time should be left for the release but not long enough for births or deaths or immigration or immigration to

Question 15

What are abiotic factor

Answer 15

Nonliving factors such as temperature, light intensity, water, availability, and humidity pH

Question 16

What are biotic factors

Answer 16

Living factors such as competition predation

Question 17

Describe how succession occurs

Answer 17

Colonised by name Pioneer species
Change in abiotic/biotic factors
Enables other species to colonise as pioneer species outcompeted
Change in biodiversity
Stability increases as environment becomes less hostile
Climax community is represented by named species

Question 18

Characteristics of Pioneer species

Answer 18

Able to fix nitrogen.
Able to reproduce asexually
Able to tolerate harsh conditions

Question 19

Features of a climax community

Answer 19

Same species present over long period of time
Abiotic factors stay constant
Population stable at carrying capacity

Question 20

Describe ways to standardise mark release recapture sampling

Answer 20

Same size of net
Samples taken at same time of day
Area of sample is the same