Energy Transfer

Question 1

Define GPP

Answer 1

Chemical energy store in plant biomass per area/volume

Question 2

Define NPP

Answer 2

Chemical energy store in plants minus respiratory losses ( always write if q states NPP)

Question 3

Biomass

Answer 3

Dry mass of carbon/ tissue per given area

Question 4

Define net production of consumers

Answer 4

N= I- (F+R)

Question 5

Diffences between fresh wet biomass vs dry mass

Answer 5

Living vs dead
Easy to access vs difficult to access
Unreliable due to varying water content vs unreliable as unethical to collect large sample size

Question 6

Calculating energy stored in biomass

Answer 6

This is calorimetery
Q=MC change in t

Question 7

Describe the reasons for low efficiency of energy transfer from producers to primary consumers

Answer 7

1. Some light is reflected
2. Sone light misses chlorophyll
3. Some light nit right wavelength

Question 8

Describe the reasons for low efficiency of energy transfer from primary consumers to secondary consumers?

Answer 8

1. Energy lost as heat from respiration
2. Not all parts of plant eaten
3. Excretion of urea
4. Energy lost by fescues as foods not digested
5. Large parts indigestible

Question 9

Suggest how you could determine dry mass of sample of plant material

Answer 9

1. Heat at high temperature to evaporate water
2. Weigh and heat until no further changes in mass

Question 10

What is domestic livestock?

Answer 10

Increase productivity by reducing energy losses at each stage or more energy is converted into new tissue or animal biomass

Question 11

Explain how intensively of domestic livestock increases net productivity

Answer 11

1. Restricted movement so less spiritual losses due to less muscle contraction.
2. Keep animals warm to reduce heat loss from body.
3. Feed more nutritional food sold us energy lost as excretion
4. Selective reading so genetically selected for higher productivity.
5. Slaughtered when young some more energy transferred to biomass

Question 12

Explain how intensively of domestic livestock increases net productivity

Answer 12

1. Restricted movement so less spiritual losses due to less muscle contraction.
2. Keep animals warm to reduce heat loss from body.
3. Feed more nutritional food sold us energy lost as excretion
4. Selective reading so genetically selected for higher productivity.
5. Slaughtered when young some more energy transferred to biomass

Question 13

Describe by succession eventually causes NPP/ GPP to decrease

Answer 13

1. NPP = GPP -R
2. NPP decreases due to GPP decreases
3. GPP decreases due to large trees blocking sunlight
4. This reduces photosynthesis in trees below
5. Reduces production of organic molecules
6. therefore less organic biomass
7. Reduction in biodiversity due to more competition for light in shaded areas