Biodiversity Flashcards
Biodiversity
Number of species and individuals within a community
Species richness
Number of different species in a community
Population
All the individuals living in the same population in the sane area at the same time that interbreed to form fertile offspringβs
Genetic diversity
Difference in DNA
Niche
An organisms role within an ecosystem and they they behave and interact with other species
Habitat
Place where an organism lives within an ecosystem
Species
Group of similar organisms with the same genes that reproduce to form fertile offspringβs
Community
All the individuals of all species living together in the same area at the same time
Index of diversity
Number of individuals of each species in a community
Equation
D= π(πβ1) / β π(πβ1)
D= index of diversity which is the number of induviduals in a community
N= total number of individuals all together
β= sum off ( add all the number of organisms in a species times by n-1)
n= the number of induviduals in that specific species
What information is required to calculate an index of diversity for a particular community?
Total number of all organisms
Number of individuals of each species
Explain why an index of diversity may be a more useful measure of biodiversity?
- Measures number of individuals of each species which can determine species diversity whereas biodiversity is the number of individuals n a community
- Some species may present in low or high numbers
Give 2 advantages of using an Index of biodiversity rather than an indicator species?
- Index of diversity measures the number of individuals of each species in a community whereas indicator species only takes into account the number of species in a community.
- You know need to identify each species
Suggest one economic argument for maintaining biodiversity?
Agriculture, farming , tourism , conservation of habitats
Farming
- Farming deceases stability of an ecosystem
- Land is ploughed so decrease in plant species
- Land is cleared which means animals are lost so reduces food source , niches , habitats
- Fertilisers used to increase growth of crop which decreases/ no growth of other crops so less variety
- Herbicides and pesticides kill unwanted species
Classification
Grouping organisms based on shared characteristics
Name 8 taxa groups
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Domain
Most amount of organisms and split into 3 groups
1, bacteria
2, archaea
3. Eukarya
Bacteria
β’ No membrane bound organelles e.g. no mitochondria, Golgi or Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
β’ Smaller ribosomes (70S) than Eukaryotic cells
β’ Cell wall made from murein
β’ Single loop/circular DNA not associated with histones.
Archaea
- Fatty acid and glycerol have Esther bonds not ester.
- No mierin in wall
- More complex rna polymerase
- Genes and protein are more similar to eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
The 4 kingdoms are : fungi, protists , anamalia and plantae
Heirchary
Groups within groups that donβt overlap
Phylogenetics
All organisms envelope from same common ancestor but those who share most common are more closely and recently related
Courtship behaviour
- Attracts opposite sex
- Attracts same species
- Indication of sexual maturity
- Stimulates release of gametes
- Forms pair bond
Modern classification methods
- Base sequence of DNA
- Base sequence of mRNA
- Amino acid sequence of proteins
- Observable characteristics
What system is used to give species a universal name?
Binomial naming system
What are the two components to a binomial name?
- Genus ( first letter capital)
- Species
First letter capital, rest is lowercase and all must be underlined
