Respiration

Question 1

what happens to glucose in glycolysis

Answer 1

glucose is phosphorylated into glucose phosphate, using 2xATP

Question 2

what happens to glucose phosphate

Answer 2

production of 2x triose phosphate TP

Question 3

What happens to TP during glycolysis

Answer 3

It is reduced to 2x Pyruvate molecules- (converts 2x NAD-> 2x NADH and 2x ADP + Pi -> 2x ATP)

Question 4

What are the products of glycolysis

Answer 4

2x pyruvate, net gain of 2x ATP, 2x NADH

Question 5

Where does the link reaction occur

Answer 5

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 6

Where is pyruvate, ATP and NADH moved to and how?

Answer 6

Pyruvate and reduced NAD and ATP are then actively transported from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix

Question 7

What happens to pyruvate in the link reaction?

Answer 7

Oxidised to acetate

Question 8

What is released when pyruvate is oxidised to acetate?

Answer 8

CO2

Question 9

What happens to NAD in the link reaction?

Answer 9

Reduced to form NADH

Question 10

What happens to accetate?

Answer 10

Acetate then combines with Coenzyme A to
produce Acetate coenzyme A

Question 11

How many times does the link reaction occur per glucose molecule

Answer 11

2

Question 12

where does acetate coenzyme A go?

Answer 12

Krebs cycle

Question 13

what happens to coenzyme A in the krebs cycle

Answer 13

recycled to be used again in the link reaction

Question 14

What is Acetate Coenzyme A converted to with the 4C molecule

Answer 14

1x ADP+Pi-> 1xATP
1x FAD-> FADH
3x NAD-> 3xNADH
2x Co2

Question 15

what is left over after 6C molecule is converted

Answer 15

4C molecule that is recycled

Question 16

What are the 4 stages of respiration?

Answer 16

Glycolysis
Link reaction
Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 17

What is the first stage of oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 17

Involves ETC- electrons move along to move H+ into membrane via active transport
Protons moving into the inner mitochondrial membrane to create electrochemical gradient

Question 18

where do protons move in oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 18

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 19

when is most ATP produced

Answer 19

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 20

where are protons from in oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 20

enzymes release H+ here

Question 21

At the end of ETC what happens to electrons and protons

Answer 21

picked up by O2 to create water

Question 22

Why is O2 especially important in oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 22

Final electron acceptor

Question 23

what do plants produce in anaerobic respiration

Answer 23

ethanol +CO2

Question 24

what do animals produce in anaerobic respiration

Answer 24

Lactate

Question 25

Where does anaerobic respiration occur

Answer 25

cytoplasm only

Question 26

what is the first stage of anaerobic respiration

Answer 26

glycolysis

Question 27

what happens to the pyruvate in anaerobic respiration

Answer 27

reduced (NAD_> NADH) to form lactate

Question 28

what happens to the oxidised NAD after glycolysis in anaerobic respiration

Answer 28

can be reused in glycolysis

Question 29

what are the downsides of lactic acid

Answer 29

acidic so can denature enzymes, so cannot respire anaerobically for too long or will denature enzymes